New hybrid evolutionary models for spatial prediction of soil properties in Kurdistan

Abstract

The inherent spatial and temporal variability of soil means that its properties vary markedly with location and time (Rogerio et al., 2006). This spatial and temporal variability can happen as a result of agricultural management, land use, erosion, landforms, geomorphic elements and soil management practices (Buol et al., 1997;Denton et al., 2017). Estimating and predicting the spatial distribution of soil properties is a critical factor for sustainable land management (Castrignanò et al., 2011). Soil survey and creating soil maps are very important activities because of their

Spatial prediction of physical and chemical properties of soil using optical satellite imagery: a state-of-the-art hybridization of deep learning algorithm

“…The K content of the soil decreases as elevation increases (Badía et al, 2016). The results of the K property were consistent with the results of Mahmoudzadeh et al (2022). Precipitation has an indirect effect on soil pH (Yang et al, 2020b).…”

“…The dataset was divided into two subsamples, with 70% and 30% for training and testing, respectively. Table 6 contains the criteria that were considered effective parameters for each soil property based on the circumstances of the study area, the opinions of experts, and a review of previous studies (Kalambukattu et al, 2018;Fathololoumi et al, 2020;Sahabiev et al, 2021;Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2022).…”

“…Given the importance of soil in a variety of environmental and social domains, such as land use planning and management and ecosystem service provision, gathering soil maps for management and sustainable development is critical (Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2022). Soils result from complex interactions between geological and geomorphological processes that operate at different scales and locations over an area, resulting in various soil types (Ayoubi et al, 2018).…”

“…In addition, DSM and the spatial distribution of soil properties are crucial in soil assessment, agriculture, and irrigation management. Digital maps of soil properties should be prepared to quickly assess the effect of soil factors and human activity on soil fertility potential and soil-based management capabilities (Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2022). Creating digital maps of soil chemical properties, such as P, K, OC, pH, and EC, as well as its physical properties, such as silt, sand, and clay, can assist in making more informed management decisions.…”

Improved three‐dimensional mapping of soil chromium pollution with sparse borehole data: Incorporating multisource auxiliary data into IDW‐based interpolation

“…Relevance and significance of auxiliary data in explaining the variations of target variable (i.e. soil Cr (VI) or total Cr concentrations in this study) are the prerequisites for incorporating auxiliary data into prediction (Mahmoudzadeh et al, 2022; McBratney et al, 2003). Soil pollutant concentrations vary with depth, in some cases much more than in the horizontal direction, thus, the inclusion of relevant 3D auxiliary data in the prediction is quite important.…”