New host-plant records for neotropical agromyzids (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Asteraceae flower heads

Braun, Marina Reiter; Almeida‐Neto, Mário; Loyola, Rafael; Prado, Angelo Pires do; Lewinsohn, Thomas M.

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2008000100016

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is especially the case for Cecidomyiidae and Tephritidae, the most representative insect families on flower heads of Asteraceae in the Neotropics (Almeida-Neto et al 2011;Lewinsohn 1991). Microlepidopterans and agromyzid flies seem to be less specialized, being frequently found on different tribes of Asteraceae (Braun et al 2008;Lewinsohn 1991). Not by coincidence, the only flower head endophages that we found on exotic Asteraceae were three agromyzids and one pyralid moth (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects on urban plants: contrasting the flower head feeding assemblages on native and exotic hosts

et al. 2011

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Exotic plant species very often comprise a large proportion of urban floras. Because herbivorous insects depend on the presence of suitable host plants to maintain their populations, it is imperative to elucidate the relative importance of native and exotic hosts to understand the response of herbivorous guilds to urbanization. By using a plantherbivore system composed of Asteraceae hosts and flower-head endophagous insects, we investigated whether the diversity and composition of herbivorous insects differs between native and exotic host-plant species in an urban environment. Although we found only seven exotic Asteraceae among the 30 species recorded, the overall abundance of exotics was considerably greater than that of native host plants. Overall, the exotic host species supported a small subset of the herbivore assemblage found on the native ones. The number of herbivore species per host species was significantly higher among the native plants, but we did not find a difference in herbivore abundance. Moreover, the higher taxonomic composition of herbivores on exotic Asteraceae was reduced, being composed of only three genera and two families from a total of 16 genera and six families of herbivores. These results provide support for the idea that plants outside of their original geographic distribution have lower loads of enemies than phylogenetically related native species. Our findings indicate that native host plants in urban areas play a critical role in supporting the native herbivorous insect fauna.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects on urban plants: contrasting the flower head feeding assemblages on native and exotic hosts

et al. 2011

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“…Asteraceae is probably the largest plant family in the world, and their flower heads constitute a feeding resource for an outstandingly diverse insect fauna in many biomes (Zwölfer 1988;Lewinsohn 1991;Almeida et al 2006;Prado et al 2002;Braun et al 2008). The Asteraceae family comprises almost 10% (1,074 listed species) of the phanerogamic flora in the cerrado (Sano et al 2008), placing it among the richest families in the biome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophagous insect fauna tracks host plant responses to exotic grass invasion

2010

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The high dependence of herbivorous insects on their host plants implies that plant invaders can affect these insects directly, by not providing a suitable habitat, or indirectly, by altering host plant availability. In this study, we sampled Asteraceae flower heads in cerrado remnants with varying levels of exotic grass invasion to evaluate whether invasive grasses have a direct effect on herbivore richness independent of the current disturbance level and host plant richness. By classifying herbivores according to the degree of host plant specialization, we also investigated whether invasive grasses reduce the uniqueness of the herbivorous assemblages. Herbivorous insect richness showed a unimodal relationship with invasive grass cover that was significantly explained only by way of the variation in host plant richness. The same result was found for polyphagous and oligophagous insects, but monophages showed a significant negative response to the intensity of the grass invasion that was independent of host plant richness. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that the aggregate effect of invasive plants on herbivores tends to mirror the effects of invasive plants on host plants. In addition, exotic plants affect specialist insects differently from generalist insects; thus exotic plants affect not only the size but also the structural profile of herbivorous insect assemblages.

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“…Desse modo, provavelmente as populações dos endófagos utilizam uma estratégia fenológica diferente para utilização dos recursos a fim de evitar a competição interespecífica em T. adenantha (Begon et al, 2007). Contudo, a variação da abundância das populações dos endófagos também é influenciado pela disponibilidade de capítulos de outras asteráceas presentes na Serra do Japi, uma vez que não são espécies específicas de T. adenantha (Prado et al, 2002;Braun, 2006;Braun et al, 2008).…”

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Estudo das interações tritróficas no sistema Trichogoniopsis adenantha (Asteraceae), seus herbívoros endófagos e parasitoides associados

Gomes¹,

Vasconcellos‐Neto²

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In communities, trophic relationships between organisms are rarely linear, being common an extensive network of interactions. In systems involving three trophic levels, such as plants, herbivores and predators/parasitoids, it can be triggered a trophic cascade from top to bottom, with positive indirect effects of the third trophic level in the producers population, or a cascade upwards through the producers, influencing the higher trophic levels. The flower heads of Composite (plants of family Asteraceae), comprise "miniature ecosystems", with several tritrophic interactions, i.e. protection for endophagous herbivores, subject to predation and specialized parasitism. Because they are important components in complex trophic systems which little is known, it was necessary the investigation of the tritrophic interactions between Trichogoniopsis adenantha, flower heads endophagous and associated parasitoids. This study was conducted in Serra do Japi, Jundiaí-SP, where it has been done the monthly collection of the phenology of T. adenantha, collection of flower heads for counting and sorting of endophagous herbivores and parasitoids, analysis of the attack rates, analysis of the population dynamics of each system component, analysis of the relationships with climate variables and synchrony between the populations, and the analysis of total fertilized seeds in intact flower heads, with endophagous and/or parasitoids. T. adenantha have seasonality for vegetative and reproductive branches, with peaks in autumn, but not related to the climatic variables. However, each phenophase of the flower heads has presented seasonality with influences of the climate variables. The Trupanea sp. (Diptera, Tephritidae) population peak occurred during the reproductive phase of T. adenantha, when the availability of flower heads is larger. On the other hand, the Melanagromyza neotropica (Diptera, Agromyzidae) population peak occurred in viii December. However, the population peak of both endophagous occurred when the availability of floral buds was low. Thus, the plant uses a strategy to compensate the herbivory, since the high production of flower heads exceeds the demand and quenches the herbivores. Moreover, the peak of production of flower buds occurred in the cold period, when the populations of endophagous are low, as phenological strategy of escape in time to avoid the attack of the endophagous to floral buds forming. However, the plant also uses biotic factors to complement the defense strategies, such as spiders and parasitoids, highly synchronized to their hosts. These natural enemies work together in this system, because only Trupanea sp. is captured by spiders, but those who escape from this attack expose their offspring to parasitoids; with Trupanea sp population falling, decreases the competition with M. neotropica, which will have a population growth, but this endophagous has a larger number of species of parasitoids, being their unique natural enemies in the system. The presence of parasitized larvae in flower heads resul...

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New host-plant records for neotropical agromyzids (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Asteraceae flower heads

Abstract: Neotropical Entomology 37(1): 097-099 (2008) Novos Registros de Plantas Hospedeiras para Agromizídeos (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Neotropicais Endófagos

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Insects on urban plants: contrasting the flower head feeding assemblages on native and exotic hosts

Insects on urban plants: contrasting the flower head feeding assemblages on native and exotic hosts

Phytophagous insect fauna tracks host plant responses to exotic grass invasion

Estudo das interações tritróficas no sistema Trichogoniopsis adenantha (Asteraceae), seus herbívoros endófagos e parasitoides associados

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