New Horizons of Genomic in situ Hybridization

Abstract

This review summarizes conventional and recent applications of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH is a well recognized technique, but its modifications and applications have not been widely used. Here, we show how modifications to the GISH technique can be used as tools to ‘paint’ plant chromosomes. In addition, we describe novel applications, e.g. how GISH banding could be used for karyotyping plant chromosomes. We further discuss recent phylogenetic applications of GISH that allow a semiquantitative signal analysis and the possibility of comparing and combining this cytogenetic technique with DNA sequence-based phylogenetic trees.

Evidence for Integrity of Parental Genomes in the Diploid Hybridogenetic Water Frog <i>Pelophylax esculentus</i> by Genomic in situ Hybridization

“…The stronger GISH signals imply accumulation of highly repetitive DNA often highlighted with genomic probes in (peri)centromeric regions of plant and animal chromosomes [e.g. Markova and Vyskot, 2009;Valente et al, 2009]. Then the difference in intensity of the (peri)centromeric GISH signals between P. lessonae and P. ridibundus may reflect rapid divergence of DNA repeats resulting in species-specific centromeric DNA [Ragghianti et al, 1995;Snowdon et al, 1997;Valente et al, 2009].…”

Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of triticale and wheat lines with introgressions of the tribe Triticeae species genetic material

“…Выявлять чужеродный хроматин в со-ставе гибридного генома, исследовать особенности его сохранения и наследования в ряде поколений позволяют такие цитологические и молекулярно-генетические ме-тоды анализа, как геномная in situ гибридизация (G��SH), флюоресцентная in situ гибридизация (F��SH), микросател-литный анализ (SSR) и др. (Raina, Rani, 2001;Markova, Vyskot, 2009).…”

Chromosomes of Iberian Leuciscinae (Cyprinidae) Revisited: Evidence of Genome Restructuring in Homoploid Hybrids Using Dual-Color FISH and CGH

“…GISH and CGH are also valuable tools in comparative cytogenetics and in the elucidation of chromosome evolution within and between lineages [e.g. Marková and Vyskot, 2009;Valente et al, 2009]. Genes are no more than discrete units between blocks of repetitive DNA.…”

“…Genes are no more than discrete units between blocks of repetitive DNA. Therefore, major differences between genomes dwell in the amount and distribution of the repetitive DNA fraction, usually species-specific [Marková and Vyskot, 2009]. …”