New Horizons and Perspectives in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis C

Sodhi, Jaswinder Singh; Parveen, Shabana; Saif, Riyaz U

doi:10.33883/jms.v13i2.46

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…system [97]. Phase IIB clinical trials of this product showed that it had similar antiviral efficacy to PEG-IFN-α2b, with higher serum levels and decreased toxicity relative to the comparator [123]. However, injection site reactions and mild to moderate neutropenia did occur, comparable to those reported for PEG-IFNα-2b and PEG-IFNα-2a, respectively [53,124].…”

Section: Microencapsulationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation

Ramos¹,

Villacis²,

Vispo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response that act on innate and adaptive immunity. These proteins are natural cell-signaling glycoproteins expressed in response to viral infections, tumors, and biological inducers and constitute the first line of defense of vertebrates against infectious agents. They have been marketed for more than 30 years with considerable impact on the global therapeutic protein market thanks to their diversity in terms of biological activities. They have been used as single agents or with combination treatment regimens, demonstrating promising clinical results, resulting in 22 different formulations approved by regulatory agencies. The 163 clinical trials with currently active IFNs reinforce their importance as therapeutics for human health. However, their application has presented difficulties due to the molecules’ size, sensitivity to degradation, and rapid elimination from the bloodstream. For some years now, work has been underway to obtain new drug delivery systems to provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for these cytokines, decrease their toxicity and prolong their half-life in the circulation. Although different research groups have presented various formulations that encapsulate IFNs, to date, there is no formulation approved for use in humans. The current review exhibits an updated summary of all encapsulation forms presented in the scientific literature for these cytokines IFNα, IFNß, and IFNγ, from the year 1996 to the year 2021, considering parameters such as: encapsulating matrix, route of administration, and encapsulation.

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Section: Microencapsulationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation

Ramos¹,

Villacis²,

Vispo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Patients infected with HCV genotype 1 are treated with pegylated interferon and Ribavirin, while those infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3 have better response to interferon alpha. 28 Several clinical trials advocate that pretreatment determination of HCV genotype helps in deciding the appropriate treatment regimen and duration of therapy. 29 Our study has reported the predominance of HCV genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 in HCV infected patients, which is in accordance with the study from Delhi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus: A First Study from Jammu (J & K), India

Sharma¹,

Sharma²,

Sehgal³

et al. 2017

Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections

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Background and objectives: Globally, around 200 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). India contributes a big proportion of HCV burden with the prevalence estimated between 0.5 and 1.5%. Northeastern tribal populations and areas of Punjab represent the HCV infection hotspots, while in Western and Southern parts of the country, the prevalence is lower. The distribution of HCV genotypes is highly variable. This study was particularly planned to attain knowledge of the prevalent HCV genotypes in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) state. Materials and methods:Blood samples of patients attending the Department of Medicine, Government Medical College (GMC), Jammu and Kashmir, India, for HCV testing were subjected to serological test at Department of Microbiology, GMC, Jammu. The serum samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positive samples were subjected to genotyping. Conclusion:Of the 396 samples tested, 33 (8.33%) were found to be HCV positive and 23 of these were included for genotyping. Genotypes 3 and 1 were detected in this region and this was in accordance with other national studies. There is a need for larger field studies to better understand the HCV epidemiology and identify higher prevalence areas and also the distribution of genotypes of HCV. This, being a maiden study from this region, will shed light to allow apposite choice and target efforts for better management of the disease and reduce the burden of chronic liver disease due to HCV.

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“…It consisted of microspheres of the polyether-ether-ester copolymer Poly-Active encapsulating recombinant IFN-α-2b produced in the Lemna duckweed system [ 121 ]. Phase IIB clinical trials of this product showed that it had similar antiviral efficacy to PEG-IFN-α2b, with higher serum levels and decreased toxicity relative to the comparator [ 122 ]. However, injection site reactions and mild to moderate neutropenia did occur, comparable to those reported for PEG-IFN-α-2b and PEG-IFN-α-2a, respectively [ 73 , 123 ].…”

Section: Recent Encapsulation Forms Of Ifnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forms and Methods for Interferon’s Encapsulation

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response that act on innate and adaptive immunity. These proteins are natural cell-signaling glycoproteins expressed in response to viral infections, tumors, and biological inducers and constitute the first line of defense of vertebrates against infectious agents. They have been marketed for more than 30 years with considerable impact on the global therapeutic protein market thanks to their diversity in terms of biological activities. They have been used as single agents or with combination treatment regimens, demonstrating promising clinical results, resulting in 22 different formulations approved by regulatory agencies. The 163 clinical trials with currently active IFNs reinforce their importance as therapeutics for human health. However, their application has presented difficulties due to the molecules’ size, sensitivity to degradation, and rapid elimination from the bloodstream. For some years now, work has been underway to obtain new drug delivery systems to provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for these cytokines, decrease their toxicity and prolong their half-life in the circulation. Although different research groups have presented various formulations that encapsulate IFNs, to date, there is no formulation approved for use in humans. The current review exhibits an updated summary of all encapsulation forms presented in the scientific literature for IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ, from the year 1996 to the year 2021, considering parameters such as: encapsulating matrix, route of administration, target, advantages, and disadvantages of each formulation.

show abstract

New Horizons and Perspectives in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis C

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation

Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation

Epidemiology and Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus: A First Study from Jammu (J & K), India

Forms and Methods for Interferon’s Encapsulation

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