New high-speed system for controlling the parameters of a nuclear reactor in a nuclear power plant

Abstract

The necessity of modernizing current control systems for functional units of a nuclear power plant, as well as the development of new control systems with a high degree of reliability and speed, is substantiated. The advantages of using optical sensors and fiber-optic communication lines to solve these problems are noted. Cases for which it is necessary to develop new fiber-optic sensors for monitoring parameters, for example, the flow of coolant or feed water, are considered. In some of them, it is more expedient to use standard designs of fiber-optic sensors to control the operating parameters of various blocks, for example, to control the electric field strength. A device and a control scheme for the parameters of the units and systems of a nuclear power plant using fiber-optic communication lines have been developed. The results of measuring various parameters of a nuclear reactor are presented. They showed that our proposed fiber-optic control and monitoring system for nuclear power plants operates more reliably and efficiently than systems with analogue control and measurement channels. The use of fiber-optic systems allows real-time remote control and high-speed control in terms of issuing commands to devices. This is very important when servicing a nuclear power plant while it is operating in extreme conditions.

Features of thermoelectric properties of some magnetic semiconductors

“…In the compound CuFeS2 this value is small,  ~ 1 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , and almost independent of temperature in the interval measured. Such behavior is characteristic of a large-radius magnetic polaron (ferron) in antiferromagnetic, when the conduction electron creates a ferromagnetic region of radius around itself [25][26][27]. The results obtained are consistent with the results obtained on samples prepared using a conventional solid-phase reaction, as described earlier.13) The author noted that such samples give the Seebeck effect practically independent of temperatures above 100 K and show a large negative value at room temperature.…”

“…Therefore, taking these results and the small value of the electron concentration at low temperatures as the basis, we concluded that CuFeS2 belongs. to this class of compounds [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Similar investigations of CuFeTe, also reveal the existence of the power behaviour of the R(T), o(T) and n(T) values (figure 2).…”

Finite-time ADRC formation control for uncertain nonaffine nonlinear multi-agent systems with prescribed performance and input saturation

“…( 9), (11), and ( 12). 4: while |y i − y 0 − χ i | > ϑ 1 > 0 and |ẏ i − ẏ0 | > ϑ 2 > 0, do 5: Compute the error e i,1 (21) using the solution to the dynamic systems (1) of agents i, k, k ∈ N i . 6: Approximate the nonlinear function Fi,1 based on estimators φ i,1,2 and ψ j,1,2 7: Calculate the derivative of y j using the TD (24).…”

“…Neural network-based, robust control, and event-triggered method are used respectively to address formation control problems for MASs with unknown nonlinear dynamics [8, 9, 17, 18], with system uncertainties and external disturbances [13, 14] and with switching topologies [15, 16]. The higher order systems arise in many engineering fields, including flexible robot manipulator [19], quadrotor with a variable degree of freedom [20], and nuclear power plant [21]. It can also be used to approximate partial differential equations by means of spatial discretization.…”