New high‐resolution age data from the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary indicate rapid, ecologically driven onset of the Cambrian explosion

Linnemann, Ulf; Ovtcharova, Maria; Schaltegger, Urs; Gärtner, Andreas; Hautmann, Michael; Geyer, Gerd; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Rich, Tom H; Plessen, Birgit; Hofmann, Mandy; Zieger, Johannes; Krause, Rita; Kriesfeld, Les; Smith, Jeff

doi:10.1111/ter.12368

Cited by 135 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…550 Ma. In addition, the presence of Cloudina index fossil in the Tagatiya Guazu Formation reinforces this age and confirms a depositional age between 550 and ~539 Ma (Linnemann et al, 2019) for the oldest carbonate rocks of the Itapucumi Group. However, fossils are apparently absent from the overlying Camba Jhopo and entire Cerro Curuzu formations, so the depositional age of the uppermost Itapucumi Group is constrained only by chemostratigraphic data.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Calibrando la transición ediacárico-cámbrica en Gondwana suddoccidental

et al. 2019

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The paleontological, isotopic and geochronological data summarized below support the paleogeographic and temporal correlation between Itapucumi (Paraguay) and Corumbá (Brazil) groups, suggesting a coeval sedimentary evolution of these units in the margins of the Amazon Craton and the Rio Apa Block. RESUMENLos datos paleontológicos, isotópicos y geocronológicos que se resumen a continuación apoyan la correlación paleogeográfica y cronológica entre los Grupos de Itapucumi (Paraguay) y Corumbá (Brasil), sugiriendo una evolución sedimentaria contemporánea entre estas unidades en los márgenes del Cratón Amazónico y del Bloque del Río Apa.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Calibrando la transición ediacárico-cámbrica en Gondwana suddoccidental

et al. 2019

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“…We have not followed the current ICS timescale as this lacks definitive lower Cambrian subdivisions and all numerical ages, including the base of the Cambrian, are provisional. On the Siberian Platform, the first Treptichnus pedum appearance predates 541 Ma 15 , and recent dating of ash beds in the Nama Group, Namibia, indicates that the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary could be younger than as 538 Ma 16 . Dating of Tommotian strata on the Siberian Platform that contains a Tommotian archaeocyath assemblages yields a 534.6 Ma age 17 rather than the 529 Ma age based on the ICS timescale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and synchronous changes in metazoan body size during the Cambrian Explosion

Zhuravlev

Wood

2020

Sci Rep

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Many aspects of the drivers for, and evolutionary dynamics of, the cambrian explosion are poorly understood. Here we quantify high-resolution changes in species body size in major metazoan groups on the Siberian Platform during the early Cambrian (ca. 540-510 Million years ago (Ma)). Archaeocyath sponges, hyolith lophophorates, and helcionelloid mollusc species show dynamic and synchronous trends over million-year timescales, with peaks in body size during the latest tommotian/early Atbadanian and late Atdabanian/early Botoman, and notably small body sizes in the middle Atdabanian and after the Sinsk anoxic extinction event, starting ca. 513 Ma. These intervals of body size changes are also mirrored in individual species and correlate positively with increased rates of origination and broadly with total species diversity. Calcitic brachiopods (rhynchonelliformeans), however, show a general increase in body size following the increase in species diversity through this interval: phosphatic brachiopods (linguliformeans) show a body size decrease that negatively correlates with diversity. Both brachiopod groups show a rapid recovery at the Sinsk event. the synchronous changes in these metrics in archaeocyath, hyoliths and helcionelloids suggest the operation of external drivers through the early cambrian, such as episodic changes in oxygenation or productivity. But the trends shown by brachiopods suggests a differing physiological response. Together, these dynamics created both the distinct evolutionary record of metazoan groups during the cambrian explosion and determined the nature of its termination.The Cambrian Explosion, ca. 540-510 Ma records the dramatic diversification of metazoans and metazoan-dominated ecosystems, where the drivers may well be complex, with multiple feedbacks between dynamic environmental change and evolutionary response. Many typical early Cambrian groups such as archaeocyath sponges and hyoliths either went extinct or declined significantly during the Botoman-Toyonian extinction (ca. 513-508 Ma), starting with extensive shallow marine anoxia ca. 513 Ma, known as the 'Sinsk Event' 1 . By contrast brachiopods and trilobites show modest changes in diversity across the Sinsk Event and continued to diversify thereafter 2 . The Sinsk Event hence effectively marks the end of the canonical Cambrian Explosion, and resets the trajectory for subsequent metazoan evolution.Potential measures of the evolutionary dynamics across radiation events include temporal changes in biodiversity, varying origination and extinction rates, and changes in individual body size (soft tissue mass). Body size scales with many factors including individual metabolic rate, trophic status, temperature, and systematic affinity, and Cope's rule (where lineages evolve larger body sizes over time), has been shown to be common over many taxa and long timescales 3 . This is not surprising as body size correlates with many measures of ecological success in benthic invertebrates, such as enhanced fecundity, competitive superiority,...

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“…1C, DR1), which is also located in southern Shaanxi Province and about 20 km from the Lijiagou section, a population of the youngest detrital zircons from the Gaojiashan Member of the middle Dengying Formation gives a U-Pb age of 548±8 Ma (Cui et al, 2016). These ages suggest that the Beiwan Member was deposited near the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary (ECB), particularly considering that the ECB is recently constrained to be ~539 Ma (Linnemann et al, 2019).…”

Section: Age Constraints the Dengying Formation In South China Is Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse biomineralizing animals in the terminal Ediacaran Period herald the Cambrian explosion

Cai

Xiao

et al. 2019

Geology

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Section location and sample horizon. The fossils were collected from the upper Beiwan Member of the upper Dengying Formation at the Lijiagou section in southern Shaanxi Province of South China (GPS: N32˚58ʹ25ʺ, E106˚14ʹ57ʺ). The Lijiagou section is paleogeographically located in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform (Fig. DR1). At Lijiagou, the Beiwan Member is 29.4 m in thickness. It overlies the Gaojiashan Member of the middle Dengying Formation and underlies the Kuanchuanpu Formation (Figs. 1A, DR2B). The fossil horizon (Fig. DR2C) is located ~5-7 m below a disconformity that separates the Beiwan Member and the

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New high‐resolution age data from the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary indicate rapid, ecologically driven onset of the Cambrian explosion

Cited by 135 publications

References 32 publications

Calibrando la transición ediacárico-cámbrica en Gondwana suddoccidental

Calibrando la transición ediacárico-cámbrica en Gondwana suddoccidental

Dynamic and synchronous changes in metazoan body size during the Cambrian Explosion

Diverse biomineralizing animals in the terminal Ediacaran Period herald the Cambrian explosion

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