New Governance, the Internet, and Country Code Top‐Level Domains in Europe

Abstract

Much academic work on governance in recent years has explored responses which states have made to sectors of the economy, usually historically well-rooted nationally, which have been subject to globalizing pressures. Less work exists on responses which are being made to new parts of the economy emerging outside the nation state with inherently global characteristics. The Internet -and specifically its naming and addressing system -provides an example of how the state has aimed to assert public interest governance authority in a system initially absent its influence. This article explores the nature and consequences of this activity, in the process contributing to the study of the Internet and governance. Working within the limitations but also the opportunities created by policy norms developed at the global level, the article finds that the state has been instrumental in the development of novel public-private governance systems for Internet country code Top Level Domains.

Evolutions in E‐governance: Evidence from Spanish Local Governments

“…Several studies have analyzed how far digital administration has developed (e.g. West, 2000West, , 2001West, , 2002West, , 2003West, , 2004Caba et al, 2005;Torres et al, 2005Torres et al, , 2006Christou and Simpson, 2009), while others havefocused on format and volume, the quality of the budgetary and financial information disclosed (e.g. Laswad et al, 2005;Cárcaba and García, 2008) and factors associated with the degree of development of e-government (e.g.…”

An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between e-government and Corruption

“…Extant research on the evolution of e-government (West, 2004;Caba et al, 2005;Torres et al, 2006;Christou and Simpson, 2009) focus on the numerous factors that influence the growth of e-government in the past decade and found that income levels, strength of institutions and the commitment of the government to promoting e-government were the most important factors. Other studies focus on the factors that determine the level of development of e-government (Kim, 2007;Siau and Long, 2006) and suggest that one of the most important factors was the economic growth of the country.…”

Domesticating the nation online: Banal nationalism on LGBTQ websites in Poland and Turkey

“…Moreover, some of the owners refuse to use .tr as a way of opposing the particular national requirements embedded in the ccTLD. Compared to the application process for .tr, the one for .pl is less controlled by the state and much simpler bureaucratically, which influences the greater popularity of .pl in general (Christou and Simpson, 2009; for recent statistics see CENTR, 2014). Additionally, no ideological requirements regarding respectability are specified for obtaining .pl, which makes the ccTLD a vaguer, and thus more open, marker of nationality online.…”