New Glaze Composition for Chemical Strengthening of Bone China

Abstract

In order to improve the hardness of commercial bone china, we suggested a chemical strengthening process and new glaze for its process. New glaze contained about two times more Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 and had a higher transition temperature than that of commercial frit. Chemical strengthening enhanced the hardness of the new glaze-coated bone china by over 30% compared to that of commercial product. The change of glaze composition influenced potassium ion diffusion distance and depth of strengthened layer during chemical treatment. After chemical strengthening of new glaze-coated bone china, the residual compressive stress inside the glaze was measured and found to be greater than 160 MPa.

Multi‐scale damping of graphene foam‐based polyurethane composites synthesized by electrostatic spraying

“…The defect-free region in graphene for pristine GrF and 96.7 PU-3.3 vol% GrF composite is evaluated using Eq. 1 for the determination of crystallite size of nano-graphitic systems [54]: graphene increased during CVD process at low temperature [54,55]. Presence of polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon source on a substrate can neutralize defects in graphene [55].…”

“…1 for the determination of crystallite size of nano-graphitic systems [54]: graphene increased during CVD process at low temperature [54,55]. Presence of polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon source on a substrate can neutralize defects in graphene [55]. The crystallite size increase could also be attributed to coalescing together of nano-graphene islands during low thermal heat treatment of composite, thereby facilitating more defect-free region in graphene [56].…”