New Generation Peptide-Based Vaccine Prototype

Abstract

Synthetic peptide-based vaccine prototypes are the future potential vaccination. Antigens, which belong to minimal microbial component and produce antibodies such as peptides and polysaccharides, can promote long-term protection against pathogens that can cause infectious diseases. Production of peptides becomes simple with solid phase peptide synthesis and microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis using automatic synthesizers. The use of synthetic peptides was approved by the health authorities for vaccine design. Peptides are themselves very weak immunogens and need adjuvants to provide an effective autoimmune response. For this reason, peptide antigens are conjugated with biopolymers and loaded with nanoparticles. The toxicity of vaccine prototypes is evaluated in cell culture, and non-toxic prototypes are selected for vaccinating experimental animals. The most effective peptide-based vaccine prototype is determined as the one with the highest antibody level. The goal of this book chapter is to illustrate the use of peptides vaccine systems and present their opportunities with their future development.

Immunoinformatic based identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from the Indian isolate of SARS-CoV-2

“…The promising prototypes could be further subjected to in-vivo studies using animal testing techniques to identify the immunogenic prototype through immunization of laboratory animals and titration of immune sera to measure their antibody response. In-vivo serology analysis methods can be used to measure antibodies in blood samples employing techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a multiplex assay that could analyze multiple antigens simultaneously before proceeding to further clinical phase studies 23 .…”