New Gas Hydrate Inhibitors for Deepwater Drilling Fluids

Halliday, William; Clapper, Dennis; Smalling, Mark

doi:10.2118/39316-ms

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The operating conditions of these deep water fields will often encounter pressures high enough that there is the potential for the formation of gas hydrates during drilling operations [8,9]. Hydrate formation occurring inside the drilling-equipment lines and valves can lead to significant risk in operation as hydrate accumulation may be inevitable [8][9][10]. In addition, the use of water-based drilling fluids in deep water developments with sub-salt environments requires the use of high salt content in drilling fluids [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrate formation occurring inside the drilling-equipment lines and valves can lead to significant risk in operation as hydrate accumulation may be inevitable [8][9][10]. In addition, the use of water-based drilling fluids in deep water developments with sub-salt environments requires the use of high salt content in drilling fluids [10]. Therefore, the fundamental understanding of hydrate phase equilibria in the presence of salts should be well established to either prevent or manage hydrates under these harsh conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methane hydrate phase equilibria for systems containing NaCl, KCl, and NH 4 Cl

Cha

Sum

2016

Fluid Phase Equilibria

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane hydrate phase equilibria for systems containing NaCl, KCl, and NH 4 Cl

Cha

Sum

2016

Fluid Phase Equilibria

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The dissociation of gas hydrates may have other triggers besides the pressure and temperature changes. Their destabilization may result from reactions with chemical agents that inhibit hydrate formation: salts, acids, and organic or inorganic compounds [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], including electrolytes (e.g., a NaCl solution). The effect of dissolved salts on the pressure and temperature conditions of hydrate stability has been largely studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Variation during Salt Migration in Frozen Hydrate-Bearing Sediments: Experimental Modeling

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salt migration may be another reason why pore-gas hydrates dissociate in permafrost, besides pressure and temperature changes. Temperature variations in frozen hydrate-saturated sediments interacting with a NaCl solution have been studied experimentally at a constant temperature, ~−6 °C typical for permafrost. The experiments with frozen sandy samples containing metastable methane hydrate show that the migration of Na+ ions in the NaCl solution and their accumulation in the sediments can induce heat-consuming hydrate dissociation and ice melting. The hydrate-saturated frozen soils cool down at higher rates than their hydrate-free counterparts and require more time to recover their initial temperature. The temperature effects in hydrate-saturated frozen sediments exposed to contact with NaCl solutions depend strongly on salt concentration. The experimental results are used to model phase changes in the pore space associated with salt-ions transport and provide insights into the reasons for temperature changes.

show abstract

“…Sodium chloride concentrations of 20 %wt. or greater have been used for drilling deep offshore Gulf of Mexico wells for several years (Halliday et al, 1998). One salt/glycerol-based spotting fluid has been developed by Hale and Dewan (1990) for its inhibiting effect on hydrate formation in deep water applications.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…collectively promoted hydrate formation slightly. Another type of water soluble organic thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitor was developed which were two types of organic inhibitor added to various concentration of NaCl (Halliday et al, 1998). In all of the above mentioned fluids salt was an essential component.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Farhang¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CO 2 capture by trapping the greenhouse gas in clathrates hydrates is proving to be one of the promising options for long term carbon storage. This technology is desirable as it can be deposited in the deep ocean where the suitable pressure and temperature is ready without any extra cost. To date, this method has mostly been of academic interest because the formation of gas hydrates is very slow and requires lots of energy and resources. It is important therefore to develop an efficient and economical process to be able to apply this method at an industrial scale. Scientists and researchers have been looking for suitable additives to accelerate the formation of CO 2 hydrate. To meet these objectives numerous additives have previously been tested and several were found to be suitable hydrate promoters. The mechanism for the formation of gas hydrates in the presence of additives is not clear yet. Understanding this mechanism would help us to select and synthesise the most suitable and cost effective additive.In this thesis, two groups of chemicals i.e. salt and hydrophobic particles were added to the hydrate formation reactor and examined. Initially sodium halides were tested for their effect on the kinetics of the formation of CO 2 hydrates in an isochoric system. The effect of different anion types and concentrations was investigated by directly measuring pressure and temperature changes in the reactor and evaluating maximum CO 2 uptake, conversion, storage capacity, induction time, and hydrate growth rate. The results indicated that sodium halides at a concentration of 50 mM (mmol/L) increase CO 2 consumption and conversion to hydrates. In addition, sodium iodide and sodium bromide in a range of concentrations between 50 and 250 mM significantly increased the hydrate formation kinetics. Measurements of the surface potential of CO 2 hydrates formed in the presence of sodium halides showed negative charge on hydrates with the highest zeta potential observed at the concentration of 50 mM. The findings of this part of the research led us to propose a mechanism for the formation of CO 2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides.The second group of additives extensively investigated in the current research were hydrophobic nano-particles. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica were studied.iii They produced two types of particle stabilised systems when mixed with water (i.e. silica foam and dry water). The influence of particle hydrophobicity and concentration on hydrate formation kinetics was established by monitoring gas consumption, CO 2 conversion and induction time. The morphology, microstructure, and pore characteristics were elucidated by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the elemental distribution and composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the promoting effect of hydrophobic fumed silica was dependent on the particle hydrophobicity and on the weight ratio of silica to water. The kinetics of CO 2 hydrate formation were ...

show abstract

New Gas Hydrate Inhibitors for Deepwater Drilling Fluids

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Methane hydrate phase equilibria for systems containing NaCl, KCl, and NH 4 Cl

Methane hydrate phase equilibria for systems containing NaCl, KCl, and NH 4 Cl

Temperature Variation during Salt Migration in Frozen Hydrate-Bearing Sediments: Experimental Modeling

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About