New Functionalities for Paper-Based Sensors Lead to Simplified User Operation, Lower Limits of Detection, and New Applications

Cunningham, Josephine C.; DeGregory, Paul R.; Crooks, Richard M.

doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041605

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Beside traditional cellulose paper, the researchers also tested vellum paper, filter paper and various photopapers as potential substrates for flexible gas sensors. These attractive flexible sensors represent a new alternative technology for fabricating simple, low-cost, portable and disposable analytical devices [72,73]. However, the number of works about CPs deposited on these types of substrate and their application in the gas-phase sensing is still limited.…”

Section: Preparation Of Ppy Sensing Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Polypyrrole-Based Ammonia and Volatile Organic Compound Sensors

Šetka

Drbohlavová

Hubálek

2017

Sensors

110

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The aim of this review is to summarize the recent progress in the fabrication of efficient nanostructured polymer-based sensors with special focus on polypyrrole. The correlation between physico-chemical parameters, mainly morphology of various polypyrrole nanostructures, and their sensitivity towards selected gas and volatile organic compounds (VOC) is provided. The different approaches of polypyrrole modification with other functional materials are also discussed. With respect to possible sensors application in medicine, namely in the diagnosis of diseases via the detection of volatile biomarkers from human breath, the sensor interaction with humidity is described as well. The major attention is paid to analytes such as ammonia and various alcohols.

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Section: Preparation Of Ppy Sensing Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Polypyrrole-Based Ammonia and Volatile Organic Compound Sensors

Šetka

Drbohlavová

Hubálek

2017

Sensors

110

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“…1B -1E). 20 To note, for either 2D or 3D sensors, the counter electrode (CE) is always designed to be slightly bigger than the working electrode (WE) and reference electrode (RE) to allow for unlimited current transfer within the current circuit. In addition, the WE is usually placed close to the RE to minimize the effect of encompassed resistance between the WE and RE (Fig.…”

Section: ·2 Designs: 2d and 3d Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, enzymatic amplification of a signal is no longer necessary upon micro-or nano-modification. 20 Target analytes that are in a very small amount in the sample may require modification with a more complex nanomaterial ranging from 1 to 100 nano-meters in size. 52 One of the simpler modifications involves nanoparticles (NPs), which further expands the surface of the electrode.…”

Section: ·4 Electrodes Characterization: Fabrication and Surface Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nanoparticles themselves could be enzyme-immobilized for further signal augmentation, but may have limited stability due to the shorter reaction time, unless they are further modified for increased stabilization. 20 Successful modification of an electrode surface can be verified, confirmed or characterized by some common characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface composition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for internal composition and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine the response of an electrochemical system to an applied potential.…”

Section: ·4 Electrodes Characterization: Fabrication and Surface Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Paper-based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Design to Application

et al. 2018

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Electrochemical bio-sensing using paper-based detection systems is the main focus of this review. The different existing designs of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional sensors, and fabrication techniques are discussed. This review highlights the effect of adopting different sensor designs, distinct fabrication techniques, as well as different modification methods, in order to produce reliable and reproducible reading. The use of various nanomaterials have been demonstrated in order to modify the surface of electrodes during fabrication to further enhance the signal for subsequent analysis. The reviewed sensors were classified into categories based on their applications, such as diagnostics, environmental and food testing. One of the major advantages of using paper-based electrochemical sensors is the potential for miniaturization, which only requires relatively small amount of samples, and the low cost for the purpose of mass production. Additionally, most of the devices reviewed were made to be portable, making them well-suited for on-site detection. Finally, paper-based detection is an ideal platform to fabricate cost-effective, user-friendly and sensitive electrochemical biosensors, with large capacity for customization depending on functional needs.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] The unique properties of paper which allow passive liquid transport and compatibility with chemicals are the main advantages of using paper as a sensing platform. Depending on the main goal to be achieved in paper-based sensors, the fabrication methods and the analysis techniques can be tuned to fulfill the needs of the end-user.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Electrochemical Ammonia Sensor on Paper Substrate

Sekhar

Kysar

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, a room temperature ammonia sensor on a paper substrate is reported. The electrochemical sensor is constructed using platinum electrodes and ionic liquid electrolyte. The amperometric staircase response shows discernible signal differentiation between each concentration of NH 3 (5-25 ppm). The rise time and fall time for the NH 3 sensor were found to be 8 s and 7 s respectively. The authors believe such a fast responding NH 3 sensor on a paper substrate has never been reported. The detection limit was deduced to be 1 ppm based on the sensitivity versus concentration plot. A 17% decrease in sensor response was observed over 30 days of testing. Implementing an antenna on the paper substrate co-located with the sensor for wireless operation is envisioned in future. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0941704jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted November 21, 2016; revised manuscript received February 1, 2017. Published February 9, 2017 Printing technologies are aiding and revolutionizing the burgeoning field of flexible sensors by providing cost-effective routes for processing diverse electronic materials at temperatures that are compatible with low-cost substrates.1,2 Simplified processing steps, reduced materials wastage, low fabrication costs and simple patterning techniques make printing technologies very attractive for cost-effective manufacturing of devices. One of the technologies currently used to print sensors is ink-jet printing. Inkjet printing technology offers lot of advantages toward sensor applications.3 Inkjet printing technology is environmentally friendly technology and cost-effective method. It is because inkjet printing technology does not use any hazardous chemicals to wash away unwanted metals on the substrate surface. It drops nano-sized ink on the desired position so that there are no by-products because it is an additive fabrication method. The advantages of the inkjet printing technology such as fast fabrication and ease of mass production helps to lower the cost of the inkjet-printed devices. Selecting the optimal substrates is one of the major issues in order to effectively realize low-cost and flexible inkjet-printed devices.Paper-based sensors are alternative technology for fabricating simple, low-cost, portable and disposable analytical devices for many application areas including clinical diagnosis, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. [4][5][6][7][8] The unique properties of paper which allow passive liquid transport and compatibility with chemicals are the main advantages of using paper as a sensing platform. Depending on the main goal to be achieved in paper-based sensors, the fabrication methods and the analysis techniques can be tuned to fulfill the needs of t...

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New Functionalities for Paper-Based Sensors Lead to Simplified User Operation, Lower Limits of Detection, and New Applications

Cited by 92 publications

References 158 publications

Nanostructured Polypyrrole-Based Ammonia and Volatile Organic Compound Sensors

Nanostructured Polypyrrole-Based Ammonia and Volatile Organic Compound Sensors

Trends in Paper-based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Design to Application

An Electrochemical Ammonia Sensor on Paper Substrate

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