New Function of Cholesterol Oxidation Products Involved in Osteoporosis Pathogenesis

Abstract

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone strength, microarchitectural changes in bone tissues, and increased risk of fracture. Its occurrence is closely related to various factors such as aging, genetic factors, living habits, and nutritional deficiencies as well as the disturbance of bone homeostasis. The dysregulation of bone metabolism is regarded as one of the key influencing factors causing OP. Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are important compounds in the maintenance of bone metabolic homeostasis by participating in several important biological processes such as the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, bone formation in osteoblasts, and bone resorption in osteoclasts. The effects of specific COPs on mesenchymal stem cells are mainly manifested by promoting osteoblast genesis and inhibiting adipocyte genesis. This review aims to elucidate the biological roles of COPs in OP development, starting from the molecular mechanisms of OP, pointing out opportunities and challenges in current research, and providing new ideas and perspectives for further studies of OP pathogenesis.

Intersection of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR19, with the Aging Process

“…Conversely, the downregulated GPR19 data cohorts were more strongly associated with ‘Interleukin signaling’, ‘mTOR signaling’, ‘IGF-1 signaling’ and ‘Nuclear Laminopathies’. All of these diverse functions strongly converge with respect to the pathomechanisms linked to pathological aging (DNA damage—[ 73 ]; Cholesterol regulation [ 188 , 189 , 190 ]; stem cell management [ 191 , 192 ]; UPR [ 193 , 194 ]; mTOR signaling [ 195 , 196 ]; IGF-1 signaling [ 197 , 198 ]; laminopathies [ 199 , 200 ]).…”

The relationship between cholesterol metabolism and mitochondrial function in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

“…Different processes of cholesterol metabolism are regulated by different factors in diseases. High cholesterol levels are considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis but are also closely related to other diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and lung diseases 23–26 . Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol plays an important role in pulmonary diseases 17 .…”

7-Ketocholesterol Induces Oxiapoptophagy and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells

“…Osteoporosis (OP), commonly marked by a constant decrease in bone mass and changes in bone/skeletal tissue structure, is a common bone/skeletal disease [ 1 ]. More often than not, patients do not realize OP at the early stage until accidental fractural damages occur [ 2 ]. The pathogenesis and progression of OP might be affected by aging, genetic factors, bad living habits, and nutritional deficiency, among which, the imbalance of bone homeostasis is one of the key factors [ 3 , 4 ].…”