New fossil woods from lower Cenozoic volcano‐sedimentary rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, and the implications for the trans‐Antarctic Peninsula Eocene climatic gradient

Oh, Chang Whan; Philippe, Marc; McLoughlin, Stephen; Woo, Jong Inn; Leppe, Marcelo; Torres, Teresa; Park, Tae Yoon S.; Choi, Han Gu

doi:10.1002/spp2.1256

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Macrofossil evidence of the Caldcluvieae is limited. Wood of Weinmannioxylon ackamoides (which includes species assigned to the genus Caldcluvioxylon ) has been reported from the Late Cretaceous of Livingston Island (Chapman and Smellie, 1992; Poole and Cantrill, 2001) and the Paleogene of King George Island (Torres, 1990, 2003; Zhang and Wang, 1994; Poole and Cantrill, 2001; Oh et al, 2020) in Antarctica; it has been compared to the wood of Ackama (Chapman and Smellie, 1992; Poole and Cantrill, 2001) and Caldcluvia (Torres, 1990; Zhang and Wang, 1994). Pujana and Ruiz (2019) rejected the inclusion of Caldcluvioxylon within Weinmannioxylon and introduced a new species, Caldcluvioxylon torresiae , from the Eocene Río Turbio formation in Patagonia; they considered C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

Matel

Gandolfo

Hermsen

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Two distinct types of fossil infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina, preserve features of the family Cunoniaceae. The goal of the study was to assess their affinities within Cunoniaceae and to interpret their evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Methods: Specimens were collected from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Huitrera Formation. They were prepared, photographed, and compared morphologically with similar extant and fossil fruits and infructescences using published literature and herbarium material. Results: The fruit and infructescence morphology place the fossil taxa within Cunoniaceae. They do not conform to any extant genus, supporting the erection of two new fossil genera. Racemofructus gen. nov. shares diagnostic features of the tribe Cunonieae, especially Weinmannia s.l., and exhibits two tribal morphological synapomorphies: a racemose inflorescence and a replum composed of a single column. Cunoniocarpa gen. nov. specimens are paniculate inflorescences with basipetally dehiscent, bicarpellate capsules that have persistent styles and calyces. Its replum morphology suggests an affinity to the tribe Caldcluvieae, particularly to the genus Ackama. Conclusions: The new Patagonian fossils described herein constitute the oldest record of cunoniaceous capsules globally, supplementing a significant body of fossil evidence from pollen, wood, and reproductive structures from southern South America and Antarctica that suggests that the Cunoniaceae were diversified and widely distributed in the southern hemisphere by the early Eocene. Racemofructus and Cunoniocarpa are, respectively, the first fossil records from South America of reproductive structures with affinity to tribes Cunonieae and Caldcluvieae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

Matel

Gandolfo

Hermsen

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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“…Tyloses have been documented in fossil lignophytes from the Carboniferous to the present. There are innumerable reports of tyloses in angiosperm and gymnosperm woods from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, based on both permineralized (e.g., Medlyn and Tidwell 1975;Wheeler and Manchester 2002;Wei et al 2019;Franco et al 2020;Oh et al 2020) and anthracological specimens, including subfossils from archaeological sites (e.g., Dufraisse et al 2018). Here, we will focus on the oldest documented evidence of tyloses in extant groups and their occurrence in key extinct groups.…”

Section: Lignophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyloses in fossil plants: New data from a Mississippian tree, with a review of previous records

et al. 2022

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Tyloses are protoplasmic swellings of parenchyma cells into the lumen of adjacent conducting cells. They develop as part of the heartwood formation process, or in response to embolism or pathogen infection. Here, we report the oldest fossil evidence to date of tylosis formation that occurs in permineralized wood of the (pro)gymnosperm Dameria hueberi from the Tournaisian (lower Mississippian, ca. 350 Ma) of Australia. Different developmental stages of tylosis formation are recognizable that range from small bubble-like protrusions to dense tyloses entirely filling the lumen of the conducting cells. The trigger for the development of tyloses in D. hueberi remains unknown. A survey of the fossil record of tyloses shows their occurrence in most groups of vascular plants since the Carboniferous. Future research in this field will screen even older (Devonian) fossils for evidence of tyloses and aim to understand the roles these structures have had in plant-pathogen interactions and plant hydraulic properties in the past.

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“…In Patagonia, it was previously recorded in the Cretaceous ( Nishida et al 1990 ), Eocene ( Pujana and Ruiz 2019 ), and in sediments of unknown ages ( Kräusel 1924 ). On the Antarctic Peninsula, the fossil-species is the dominant component of the Eocene of Seymour/Marambio Island wood flora ( Torres et al 1994 ; Pujana et al 2014 ) and a common component of wood floras from the Late Cretaceous of James Ross Island ( Pujana et al 2017 ), the Paleocene of Seymour/Marambio Island ( Pujana et al 2015 ; Mirabelli et al 2018 ), and the Eocene of the Fildes Peninsula of King George/25 de Mayo Island ( Torres and Lemoigne 1988 ; Oh et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer wood assemblage dominated by Podocarpaceae, early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, central Argentinean Patagonia

Pujana¹,

Wilf²,

Gandolfo³

2020

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During the early Eocene, Patagonia had highly diverse floras that are primarily known from compression and pollen fossils. Fossil wood studies from this epoch are scarce in the region and largely absent from the Laguna del Hunco flora, which has a highly diverse and excellently preserved compression assemblage. A collection of 26 conifer woods from the Laguna del Hunco fossil-lake beds (early Eocene, ca. 52 Ma) from central-western Patagonia was studied, of which 12 could be identified to genus. The dominant species is Phyllocladoxylon antarcticum, which has affinity with early-diverging Podocarpaceae such as Phyllocladus and Prumnnopitys. A single specimen of Protophyllocladoxylon francisiae probably represents an extinct group of Podocarpaceae. In addition, two taxonomic units of cf. Cupressinoxylon with putative affinity to Podocarpaceae were found. Diverse Podocarpaceae taxa consistent with the affinities of these woods were previously reported from vegetative and reproductive macrofossils as well as pollen grains from the same source unit. Some of the woods have galleries filled with frass. Distinct growth ring boundaries indicate seasonality, inferred to represent seasonal light availability. Growth ring widths suggest that the woods came from mature trees, whereas the widths and types of some rings denote near-uniform temperature and water availability conditions.

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New fossil woods from lower Cenozoic volcano‐sedimentary rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, and the implications for the trans‐Antarctic Peninsula Eocene climatic gradient

Cited by 8 publications

References 86 publications

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina

Tyloses in fossil plants: New data from a Mississippian tree, with a review of previous records

Conifer wood assemblage dominated by Podocarpaceae, early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, central Argentinean Patagonia

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