New Formulations of Ethyl Formate to Control Internal Stages of Sitophilus oryzae

Lee, Byung Ho; Huh, Wan; Ren, Yonglin; Mahon, Daphne; Choi, Won-Sik

doi:10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60378-7

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Developing MB alternatives could bypass MB exposure against fumigators. For example, ethyl formate has been studied for efficacy against mealybugs on fresh fruits such as orange and stored grain insects [72][73][74][75][76]. And the toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride and ethane dinitrile against wood pests and liquefied phosphine fumigants against common insects in cut flowers have also been investigated [77][78][79][80].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Negative effect of methyl bromide fumigation work on the central nervous system

et al. 2020

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Methyl bromide (MB) is a fumigant that has been widely used for killing pests on plants in trade, soils, and structures worldwide due to its excellent permeability and insecticidal effect; however, MB should be replaced because it is an ozone-depleting substance. It is well-known that MB is highly toxic and hazardous to workers, but the effects of exposure in asymptomatic workers have not been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of MB fumigation on the health of fumigators at a sensitive level. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and urinary bromide ion levels of 44 fumigators (the study group) and 20 inspectors (the control) were measured before and after fumigation work from February to August 2019 in Busan, Korea. The mean post-work concentration of bromide ion (18.311 μg/mg CRE) in the fumigators was significantly increased from the pre-work level (7.390 μg/mg CRE) (P<0.001). The fumigator post-work median frequencies (MDF) and alpha-to-theta ratios (ATR) of EEG index were significantly decreased compared to the pre-work values (P<0.05 for all indices). In contrast, there were no significant differences in inspector EEG indices and urinary bromide ion. The urinary bromide ion levels in all the subjects were negatively correlated with MDF (P = 0.032). In conclusion, fumigators' EEG indices and urinary bromide ion suggested that occupational exposure to MB negatively affected the health of workers, although the workers were asymptomatic.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Negative effect of methyl bromide fumigation work on the central nervous system

et al. 2020

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“…The characteristics of PH 3 are supported by studies on Tetranychus urticae eggs. T. urticae eggs showed a hatch rate of 98.0% after 6 h and 9.5% after 24 h following treatment with PH 3 1.0 mg/L [ 23 ]. This study showed that 70 mg/L for 4 h EF treatment resulted in a mortality rate of more than 98% for all stages of L. serricorne .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study showed that 70 mg/L for 4 h EF treatment resulted in a mortality rate of more than 98% for all stages of L. serricorne . Lee et al [ 23 ] reported a high mortality rate of 62.4% for Sitophilus oryzae (mixed age) treated with 67.4 mg/L EF for 6 h. These high concentrations render EF are economically disadvantageous for use in the field. However, studies examining the combination of PH 3 + EF against Aphis gossypii , Lipaphis erysimi , Myzus persicae , Planococcus citri and T. urticae showed that the combined treatment required reduced fumigant concentrations and treatment times compared to individual fumigant treatment [ 17 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of PH 3 was measured by GC analysis at 0.5, 2, 4 and 20 h after treatment, and EF and PH 3 + EF were measured at 0.5, 1, 3 and 4 h after treatment. The concentration of adsorbed gas was calculated according to Ren et al [ 22 ] and Lee et al [ 23 ]. The fumigant adsorbed in treated tobacco leaves was ventilated for 0.5, 2, 4 and 24 h, and the treated tobacco leaves (300 g) were resealed in 3 L desiccators to measure the desorption rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) to Phosphine, Ethyl Formate and Their Combination, and the Sorption and Desorption of Fumigants on Cured Tobacco Leaves

Kim

Shin

Park

et al. 2020

Insects

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The susceptibility of Lasioderma serricorne to phosphine (PH3), ethyl formate (EF) and their combination (PH3 + EF) was evaluated in this study. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were subjected to treatment with fumigants to determine the 90% lethal concentration time (LCt90) values. Treatment with PH3 for 20 h resulted in LCt90 values of 1.15, 1.39, 14.97 and 1.78 mg h/L while treatment with EF resulted in values of 157.96, 187.75, 126.06 and 83.10 mg h/L, respectively. By contrast, the combination of PH3 + EF resulted in LCt90 values of 36.05, 44.41, 187.17 and 35.12 mg h/L after 4 h. These results show that, through treatment with PH3 + EF, control can be achieved at lower concentrations than for treatment with EF alone and at lower exposure times than for treatment with PH3 alone. The sorption rates of the fumigants on cured tobacco leaves were determined for filling ratios of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% (w/v). Cured tobacco leaves were treated with either 2 mg/L PH3, 114 mg/L EF or 0.5 mg/L PH3 + 109 mg/L EF. Treatment with PH3 showed sorption rates of 0.0%, 7.1% and 14.3%. EF, however, showed higher sorption rates of 64.9%, 68.5% and 75.5%, respectively, for the indicated filling ratios. When PH3 and EF were combined, the sorption rate of PH3 was 0.0%, while the sorption rates of EF were lower (9.1%, 12.0% and 23.2%) than treatment with only EF. EF required a ventilation time of longer than 22 h to desorb from cured tobacco leaves. Therefore, PH3 + EF can effectively control L. serricorne in cured tobacco leaves, with sufficient ventilation time required after treatment for the safety of workers.

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“…An EF application mixed with phosphine gas was also evaluated by for controlling Aphis gossypii. The advantage of using EF as an alternative to MeBr was reported in terms of its short fumigation period, low toxicity on mammals and the surrounding environment, and rapid breakdown with no residues (Lee et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent application of ethyl formate and 1‐methylcyclopropene to control Tetranychus urticae on exported sweet persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb. ‘Fuyu’)

Lee

Park

Yang

et al. 2017

Entomological Research

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Extending the shelf life of fruits during post‐harvest storage and eradicating pests associated with quarantine issues could together comprise the key steps toward expanding the exportation of sweet persimmon in South Korea. Here we firstly investigated the concurrent application of ethyl formate (EF), a methyl bromide alternative fumigant, which is currently considered a beneficial and safe fumigant in quarantine use, and 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), an anti‐ethylene compound that is broadly used in post‐harvest systems, on sweet persimmon. We also suggest the proper fumigation methods to be follow when using these compounds. Tetranychus urticae, an important quarantine pest, was inoculated under the calyx of sweet persimmon, and the fruits were then fumigated using 35.0 mg L−1 of EF for 6 h before and after treating with 1.0 μL L−1 of 1‐methylcyclopropene for 24 h under storage conditions of 5°C. Our results showed that concurrent treatments with 1‐MCP and EF could be suitable for commercial purposes by extending shelf life, delaying color changes and softening, and offering complete control of the target pest, Tetranychus urticae.

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New Formulations of Ethyl Formate to Control Internal Stages of Sitophilus oryzae

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Negative effect of methyl bromide fumigation work on the central nervous system

Negative effect of methyl bromide fumigation work on the central nervous system

Susceptibility of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) to Phosphine, Ethyl Formate and Their Combination, and the Sorption and Desorption of Fumigants on Cured Tobacco Leaves

Concurrent application of ethyl formate and 1‐methylcyclopropene to control Tetranychus urticae on exported sweet persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb. ‘Fuyu’)

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