New forms of visual purple from the retinas of certain marine fishes: a re‐examination

Kampa, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004854

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…12. Left, generalized absorption curve for visual purple of coastal marine fish (based on measurements of Wald, 1946, andKampa, 1953). Right, visibility curve for Limulus (based on measurements of Graham & Hartline, 1935).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral composition of the light of Chaetopterus

Nicol¹

1957

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The spectral composition of the light of Chaetopterus variopedatus has been measured by means of spectral niters and multiplier phototube. Spectral emission extends from about 405 to 605 mμ, with a maximum at about 465 mμ. The spectral curve of Chaetopterus light is compared with a human visibility curve (scotopic vision), a visibility curve for Limulus, and an absorption curve for fish visual purple. Luminous efficiencies, based on these curves, are calculated.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"ine coastal fish, and the curves can be used to represent the spectral sensitivity of these animals ( Fig. 12) (Wald, 1946;Kampa, 1953). The spectral sensitivity curve of Limulus has been determined (Graham & Hartline, 1935).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral composition of the light of Chaetopterus

Nicol¹

1957

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Bayliss, Lythgoe & Tansley (1936) found a number of fish which yielded retinal extracts with their absorption maxima between 530 and 540 mp. Recently, Kampa (1953) repeated this work and found that the maxima occurred at 525 mp, or less if vitamin A instead of vitamin A, was present. The main difference in technique appears to be that Dartnall (and Bayliss et al) did not harden the retinas in alum and used 'difference' spectra.…”

Section: Vitamin a A N D Visionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Chemistry of Vision

Collins

1954

Biological Reviews

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SUMMARY An account is given of the isolation of the outer segments of retinal rods, their internal structure as revealed by the electron microscope, and their chemical composition. The relationship between action spectra (e.g. the scotopic luminosity curve) and absorption spectra is discussed. Provided certain conditions are satisfied, the chemist is able to compare the absorption spectra of pigments isolated from the retina with action spectra which have been recorded for the same type of retina by the physiologist. Thus the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin corresponds to the scotopic luminosity curve. If there was general agreement on a theory of colour vision, this would give valuable information concerning the number of photosensitive pigments to be expected. At present the only photosensitive pigments whose existence is unequivocal are rhodopsin (found in mammals, birds, reptiles, Amphibia, most fish and the squid), porphyropsin (found in some fish and Amphibia) and iodopsin (found so far only in the fowl). Recent claims to have extracted other pigments are discussed. The extraction and examination of rhodopsin is described. Until recently the various products obtained from rhodopsin by the action of light were characterized by their absoprtion spectra only. These consisted of retinene, indicator yellow, lumirhodopsin, meta‐rhodopsin and iso‐rhodopsin. The retina has an enzyme, believed to be identical with alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyses the interconversion of vitamin A and retinene in the presence of coenzyme 1. It has been found possible to effect the regeneration of rhodopsin in vitro. Wald and his co‐workers have shown that a system containing retinene (or vitamin A, coenzyme i and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the specific protein of rhodopsin, ‘opsin’, will synthesize rhodopsin. However, these workers found that synthetic vitamin A or retinene was not effective, but could be made so by exposure to light. Collins and his co‐workers have obtained regeneration in vitro using synthetic vitamin A or retinene; their systems appear to be nearly complete. They have also shown that pyridoxal phosphate augments the amount of regeneration, although no explanation can be given of this result. The rhodopsin system is outlined in a diagram and table. In the next section an account is given of the results of chemical work aimed at identifying the pigments known only by their absorption spectra. The amounts of these pigments are too small to be isolated and indirect methods have to be used. Retinene has now been identified as vitamin A aldehyde. Indicator yellow has been shown not to be an artifact (as suggested by some workers), and to be a Schiffs base of retinene (an N‐substituted retinene imine). However, the structure of the acid form of indicator yellow is still unknown. Because of their possible connection with visual pigments, a brief account is given of vitamin A amine and methylamine. Certain other reactions of retinene are described (e.g. the reaction with sulphydryl groups) in order to assist the disc...

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“…95 Dartnall, unfor¬ tunately, confined his examinations to the measurement of difference spectra (differ¬ ence in absorption before and after bleaching) of very impure retinal extracts. But, in addition, he claims two new pigments, one in the tench, with an absorption maximum at 467 µ ; the other in the bleak, with a maximum at 510 mu, Kampa, in a recent study of the tench pigment, however, finds that this fish has only porphyropsin in its retina.…”

Section: Biochemical Studies On the Composition Of Various Ocular Tismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Chemistry of the Eye

Sallmann¹

1953

AMA Arch Ophthalmol

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New forms of visual purple from the retinas of certain marine fishes: a re‐examination

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Spectral composition of the light of Chaetopterus

Spectral composition of the light of Chaetopterus

The Chemistry of Vision

Physiologic Chemistry of the Eye

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