New Forms of Electrospun Nanofibers Applied in Cardiovascular Field

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and the development of new materials have become the focus of attention this field, and electrospinning technology to prepare nanofibrous materials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has attracted people's attention. Unlike previous reviews, this research enumerates the experimental methods and applications of electrospinning technology combined with nanofibrous materials in the directions of myocardial infarction repair, artificial heart valves, artificial blood vessels and cardiovascular patches from the perspective of cardiovascular surgery. In the end, this review also summarizes the limitations, unresolved technical challenges, and possible future directions of this technology for cardiovascular disease applications.

Small diameter vascular grafts: progress on electrospinning matrix/stem cell blending approach

“…During a 5-day differentiation process, vascular EC markersnif were sigicantly upregulated in the ES mat culture group, including the gene expression of CD31 (~11 folds), CD144 (>7 folds), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (>7 folds), protein expression of CD31 (>3 folds), nitric oxide (NO) gas production (~4 folds). Wang et al presented that amino acid substituted poly (organophosphazene) polymer ES matrix boosted iMSCs for mature contractile vascular SMC differentiation (Wang M. et al, 2022). The transcription level of early to late smooth muscle marker proteins on the ES fiber mats was significantly increased.…”

“…Secondly, ES technology is flexible and universal. It can rapidly prepare a variety of natural or synthetic polymers in large scale, and has become a common method for scaffold preparation in many laboratories and even commercial companies ( Huang et al, 2022 ). The natrual polymers used in SDVGs contain gelatin, collagen, silk fibroin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, etc.…”

Construction of PCL-collagen@PCL@PCL-gelatin three-layer small diameter artificial vascular grafts by electrospinning

“…In recent years, synthetic materials have been successfully used clinically as small-diameter (<6 mm) artificial vascular grafts [3,4]. However, these synthetic grafts still face many challenges that need to overcome, such as thrombosis within the graft, intimal hyperplasia, calcification and other complications [5,6]. It is precisely because of these shortcomings that the development of smalldiameter (diameter < 6 mm) vascular grafts is limited.…”