New Family of Nonionic Gemini Surfactants. Determination and Analysis of Interfacial Properties

Abstract

The interfacial properties of a new family of nonionic surfactants derived from alkyl glucosides were studied. The physicochemical parameters of these dimeric compounds were compared with those of their monomeric counterparts. The effect of the position of the linkage, the anomeric configuration, the spacer functionality, and the spacer type (rigid or flexible) on the behavior of these surfactants was analyzed for a short-chain (butyl) series of compounds. Slight structural variations have a significant influence on their properties. The maximum length of the hydrophobic chains for obtaining gemini surfactants with improved efficiencies compared to those of the starting monomeric alkyl glucosides was estimated.

Synthesis and evaluation of new imidazolium‐based aromatic ether functionalized cationic mono and gemini surfactants

“…However, an increase in cmc was observed on further increase in hydrophobic chain length to C 14 . Such increase was earlier observed in case of gemini surfactant, which may be due to the increased intramolecular hydrophobic interaction, the effect of self-coiling as has been put forward earlier by several authors [19,20]. The presence of aromatic ether moiety in the hydrophobic chain may have triggered such self-coiling a little earlier than it was presumed to happen over a chain length of C 16 -C 18 .…”

Synthesis and interfacial properties of sugar‐based surfactants composed of homo‐and heterodimers

“…The rigid aromatic spacer was used only for the dimer linked through O-2, because the corresponding O-6 dimer previously prepared from butyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was insoluble in water, whereas the isomeric O-2 dimer was soluble (14)(15)(16)22). Dimeric compounds 6, 12, 13, and 14 showed by MS that they are composed by mixtures of homodimers (C 12 /C 12 ) and heterodimers (C 12 /C 14 ), as observed for compound 4.…”

“…Short-chain dimers obtained from butyl α-D-glucopyranoside as well as medium-and long-chain dimers obtained from octyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl α-D-glucopyranosides are included for comparison (22). Properties of the terephthaloyl derivative 14 could not be determined because it was water-insoluble.…”

Ecologically safe sugar-based gemini surfactants

“…9 The CMC/C 20 ratio for compound 44 is, however, 2 times higher than that for compound 27 ( Table 1), suggesting that, for the ether-linked compound, the adsorption process is favored. This behavior would be a consequence of the increased rotational freedom about the σ carboncarbon bonds of the spacer.…”

“…The dimeric compound 46 was obtained from two molecules of n-butyl β-D-glucopyranoside (11β) linked through O-6 by a succinyl spacer (Scheme 4). 9 The monomer 11β displayed a higher CMC value than the corresponding α-anomer 11. The dimers 27 and 46 showed the same relative behaviors.…”