New experiments on ovariotomy and the problem of sex inversion in the fowl

Domm, L. V.

doi:10.1002/jez.1400480104

Cited by 137 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…These results indicate a possible relation between left ovary growth and the reduction in the total volume of the right ovary. The present observations agree with Benoit (1923,1932,1950) and Domm (1927), who assumed an inhibitory influence exerted by the left ovary on the right, depressing the growth of the latter. The rudimentary gonad proliferates only in the absence of the left ovary (Kornfeld‐and Nalbandov,1954; Taber and Salley,1954; Kornfeld,1958; Taber et al,1958; Groenendijk‐Huijbers,1965), but this statement deserves further research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Histological and Stereological Changes in Growing and Regressing Chicken Ovaries During Development

González-Morán

2011

The Anatomical Record

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the sequence of the histological and stereological changes that occur in diverse components of left growing and right regressing ovaries of Gallus domesticus as well as the variations in the number and size of the different cell subpopulations from 8-day-old chicken embryo to 4-week-old chickens. Results indicate a bilateral asymmetry in favor of the left ovary at all ages studied. The left ovary shows cortex and medulla, but the right ovary has no cortex, only a medulla. Stereological results show in the left ovary an increase in total volume of all components of the ovarian medulla with advancing development. The right ovary follows a similar pattern until the age of 1-day-old chicken, to regress afterward, thereby, reducing the total volume of blood vessels, lacunar channels, and interstitium, but increasing the total volume of interstitial cells as development progresses; consequently, the total volume of interstitial cells is the dominant component in the right ovary of 4-week-old chickens. Results also reveal that the increase in total volume of interstitial cells in the left ovary at all ages and in the right ovary from 8-day-old chicken embryo to 1-day-old chicken is due to hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy of interstitial cells; hence, in the right ovary, cell hypertrophy is the main cause for the increase in the total volume of interstitial cells from 1-week-old to 4-week-old chickens. Anat Rec, 294:893-904, 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: histology; stereology; left ovary; right ovary; chickenIn vertebrates, the reproductive system arises as bilateral anlagen, and consequently paired genital organs are commonly found in the adult. In birds, the female reproductive system is unique. Although paired anlagen appear, only the left genital primordia develop further to functional organs, except in birds of prey (Jacob and Bakst, 2007).In the chick, formation of the ovary differs between the right and left sides. In the left ovary, whose development proceeds normally, cortical cords (secondary cords) extend inward from the gonadal epithelium. From 7 days of incubation onward, the cords develop to form a cortex, whereas the medulla is composed of epithelium derived from medullary cords (primary cords) and their enlarged inner spaces (medullary lacunae). In contrast, the right ovary stops further development from 7 days onward. This is due to the absence of secondary cord formation; the right ovary has only a medulla composed of the epithelium of the medullary cord and enlarged lacunae. Eventually, the right ovary becomes smaller than the left (Romanoff, 1960;Stahl and Carlon, 1973;Ebensperger et al

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Histological and Stereological Changes in Growing and Regressing Chicken Ovaries During Development

González-Morán

2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…This lack of studies is probably related to the erroneous assumption that precocial chicks do not rely on parental provisioning and the fact that fowl species are studied in laboratory conditions without the parents being present. However, fowl mothers, including the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus, perform tid-bitting displays (Domm 1927) by which they indicate to offspring the location of highly prized food items. This is usually followed by chicks trying to outcompete each other for this item.…”

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Increased exposure to yolk testosterone has feminizing effects in chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus

2013

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“…The left adrenal was absent. Abnormal sexual conditions such as these have been observed by Crew (1923), Domm (1927), Fell (1923, and Lillie (1927).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Plumage Differentiation of Normal and Sex-Anomalous Ring-Necked Pheasants in Response to Synthetic Hormone Implants

Morejohn

Genelly

1961

The Condor

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Several investigators observed in the late 1920' s that in some species of birds and mammals a number of secondary sexual characteristics, including color, seemed to be dependent on hormonal factors and not at all on the genetic sex of the individual. This led to the enunciation of a theory of "equipotentiality" which assumed that male and female tissues were identical in their reactions, particularly to the sex hormones (Lillie, 1927). Allen and Doisy (1923) were the first to suspect that the ovarian follicular hormone was an estrogenic agent in mammals. Allen et al. later (1924) found that a similar substance could be extracted from the follicular liquor in the ovary of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus). Much research, mostly with domestic animals, followed these discoveries. The domestic fowl served as a popular subject. Since the color and shape of feathers seemed more sensitive to hormonal changes during their growth than other secondary sexual characters, they were studied at great length. As a consequence of this it was found that castrated male chickens showed little or no changes in feather color or shape; yet ovariectomized females acquired male plumage. The injection of ovarian extracts, however, feminized both intact and castrate males as well as ovar' iectomized females. Much emphasis was placed on the theory of equipotentiality; but as experimental work expanded into other avian species, it was found that other relations obtained. The European House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (Keck, 1934) and the Brewer Blackbird, Ez&zgus cyanocephulus (Danforth and Price, 193 5) did not respond to the estrogen theelin. The Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus (van Oordt and Junge, 1933) Es ambisexual, responding to both male and female hormones and the African Weaver Finch (PyrowzeZunu frunciscunu) has its plumage regulated by an hypophyseal hormone (Witschi, 1935,1936). Obviously then, genetic as well as hormonal factors must interact to produce these different effects. Previous studies of specific effects of genes in relation to their expressivity under estrogenic influence in Red Junglefowl, Callus gullus (Morejohn, 1953,1955) prompted the authors to investigate the nature of the difference in plumage between the sexes of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus cokhicus). Three "off-colored" birds were noticed among normal-appearing cocks and hens in an incoming group of pheasants used in other experiments. The three birds were caught, examined, and identified as sex anomalies of one type or another. Two of the birds were colored like hens, and one was cock-colored. A review of the literature revealed that several types of so-called "sex anomalies" had been reported in Ring-necks and other pheasants. Some ' were called. hermaphrodites, others intersexes, and still others sex-inverts. From published descriptions and photomicrographs of internal organs it was difficult to decide in which of these categories to place the birds we had examined. Hermaphrodites were cock-feathered birds with spurs, c 101 1 THE COKDOR Fig. ...

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New experiments on ovariotomy and the problem of sex inversion in the fowl

Cited by 137 publications

References 51 publications

Histological and Stereological Changes in Growing and Regressing Chicken Ovaries During Development

Histological and Stereological Changes in Growing and Regressing Chicken Ovaries During Development

Increased exposure to yolk testosterone has feminizing effects in chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus

Plumage Differentiation of Normal and Sex-Anomalous Ring-Necked Pheasants in Response to Synthetic Hormone Implants

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