New Evidence for the presence of arsenocholine in shrimps (Pandalus borealis) by use of pyrolysis gas chromatography — atomic absorption spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Norin, Harald; Ryhage, Ragnar; Christakopoulos, Alexandros; Sandström, Margareta

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(83)90105-4

Cited by 86 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It has been suggested that AsBe is the final metabolite in the arsenic cycle in marine ecosystems because AsBe is found only in various species of marine animaIs. [2][3][4][5][6] Subsequently, other minor organic arsenic compounds, such as arsenocholine ( AsCho)', [7][8][9][10] and tetramethylarsonium salts (TetMA),". I' were found in some marine animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Animals

Sakurai

Kaise

Matsubara

1996

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time the immunotoxic effects of organic arsenic compounds in marine animals, namely arsenocholine [AsCho; trimethyl(2‐hydroxyethyl)arsonium cation], arsenobetaine [AsBe; the trimethyl(carboxymethyl)arsonium zwitterion] and the tetramethylarsonium ion (TetMA), to murine principal immune effector cells (macrophages and lymphocytes), comparing them with the effects of inorganic arsenicals in vitro. Inorganic arsenicals (arsenite and arsenate) showed strong cytotoxicity to both macrophages and lymphocytes. The concentration of arsenite that reduced the number of surviving cells to 50% of that in untreated controls (IC50) was 3–5 μmol dm−3, and the cytotoxicity of arsenate (IC50=100 μ‐1 m mol dm−3) was lower than that of arsenite. Compared with these findings, trimethylarsenic compounds in marine animals, AsCho and AsBe, were less toxic even at a concentration over 10 mmol dm−3 to both macrophages and lymphocytes; however, TetMA had weak, but significant, cytotoxicity to these cells (IC50 was about 6 mmol dm−3).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Animals

Sakurai

Kaise

Matsubara

1996

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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“…Since the 1920s, marine organisms have been known to contain substantial amounts of arsenic as a complex arsenic compound. 1 The transformation of inorganic arsenic in the environment has been widely studied, including the production of methylated species by micro-organisms, 2,3 of arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC) by marine animals, 4,5 of arsenosugars by seaweed 6 and of arsenolipids by seaweed 7 and marine animals. 8 Arsenic has been found in seaweed in amounts of more than 100 mg kg −1 (dry weight).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of arsenosugars in marine sediment

Pengprecha

Wilson

Raab

et al. 2005

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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In the marine environment, arsenic accumulates in seaweed and occurs mostly in the form of arsenoribofuranosides (often called arsenosugars). This study investigated the degradation pathways of arsenosugars from decaying seaweed in a mesocosm experiment. Brown seaweed (Laminaria digitata) was placed on top of a marine sediment soaked with seawater. Seawater and porewater samples from different depths were collected and analysed for arsenic species in order to identify the degradation products using high-performance liquid chomatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During the first 10 days most of the arsenic found in the seawater and the shallow sediment is in the form of the arsenosugars released from the seaweed. Dimethylarsenoylethanol (DMAE), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) and, later, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) and arsenite and arsenate were also formed. In the deeper anaerobic sediment, the arsenosugars disappear more quickly and DMAE is the main metabolite with 60-80% of the total arsenic for the first 60 days besides a constant DMA(V) contribution of 10-20% of total soluble arsenic. With the degradation of the soluble DMAE the solubility of arsenic decreases in the sediment. The final soluble degradation products (after 106 days) were arsenite, arsenate, MMA(V) and DMA(V). No arsenobetaine or arsenocholine were identified in the porewater.

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“…In our most recent report, a strong effect on the survival of BM cells was also observed with AsBe, which has a chemical structure similar to that of AsCho. 6 It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an arsenic compound contained in some marine animals, such as shrimp 7 and conch, 8 which are ingested daily as seafood in many countries; however, it has been reported that the concentration of AsCho contained in seafood is very low; 7,8,17,18 thus, it is suggested that ingestion of AsCho contained in seafood does not influence the health of people who often consume seafood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…AsCho was found at low levels from some species of marine animals 7,8 and thought to be a precursor of AsBe. 17,18 We have also examined the toxic effects of AsCho on living systems, 5 and Kaise et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenocholine, a trimethyl arsenic compound in seafood

Sakurai

Ochiai

Kojima

et al. 2002

Applied Organom Chemis

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Study ofWe examined the in vitro cytotoxic effects of an organic arsenic compound contained in seafood, viz. the trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)-arsonium cation, or arsenocholine (AsCho), on some murine immune effector cells, such as splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow (BM) cells using synthesized pure material. We found that AsCho had no cytotoxicity on most immune effector cells, even at concentrations over 10 mmol dm À3 , and it slightly but significantly enhanced the viability of BM cells at doses over 100 mmol dm À3. This biological effect of AsCho on BM cells might be direct rather than due to autocrine mechanisms mediating some factors secreted by AsCho-stimulated BM cells, because the culture supernatants of BM cells pre-stimulated with AsCho did not influence the viability of other fresh BM cells. It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an organic arsenic compound contained in some marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries.

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New Evidence for the presence of arsenocholine in shrimps (Pandalus borealis) by use of pyrolysis gas chromatography — atomic absorption spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Cited by 86 publications

References 22 publications

Immunotoxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Animals

Immunotoxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Animals

Biodegradation of arsenosugars in marine sediment

Study of in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenocholine, a trimethyl arsenic compound in seafood

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