New evidence disclosed for the engineered strong interfacial interaction of graphene/rubber nanocomposites

Xie, Zhengtian; Fu, Xuan; Wei, Lai-Yun; Luo, Ming‐Chao; Liu, Yu‐Hang; Ling, Fangwei; Huang, Cheng; Huang, Guangsu; Wu, Jinrong

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.056

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…On the other hand, the high values of the tensile strength with regard to those reported for NR/CNT composites reflect a better dispersion of the graphene derivative. The same group [92] carried out further investigations including dielectric relaxation and synchroton WAXS experiments as well as Raman mapping and Raman measurements under strain intended to bring new evidence for strong polymer-filler interaction.…”

Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review

Bokobza¹

2018

Nanomaterials

118

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This paper reviews studies carried out on natural rubber filled with nanofillers such as spherical silica particles (generated by the sol gel reaction), clays and carbon nanostructures. It is shown that the mechanical response of NR is influenced by several parameters including the processing conditions, the state of filler dispersion, the polymer-filler interactions and the filler morphological aspects. Even if the sol gel process conducted in vulcanized rubber yields almost ideal dispersions, rod-shaped particles such as clay, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes are by far more efficient in terms of mechanical reinforcement on account of their anisotropic character and their ability to orientate in the direction of stretch. The efficiency of layered fillers such as clays or graphitic structures clearly depends on the way they are dispersed (exfoliated) in the rubber. Complete exfoliation still remains difficult to achieve which limits the tremendous nanoreinforcement expected from a single layer of clay or graphite. In all cases, the onset of crystallization is observed at a lower strain value than that of the unfilled matrix due to strain amplification effects.

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Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review

Bokobza¹

2018

Nanomaterials

118

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“…The high content rGO–APMEL is prone to stack to form MLG; however, the thickness of the reduced GE layer is still less than 10 nm. The dispersion state is better than that for the GE–rubber sample obtained by solution mixing with (bis‐[γ‐(triethoxysilyl) propyl]‐tetrasulfide) functionalized GO and in situ reduction . Also this process to make the rubber–GE nanocomposites avoids in situ reduction using the hydrazine hydrate and thus more environment friendly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide and the application for rubber composites

Wang

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was realized through a chemical grafting reaction with a functionalization agent N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine (APMEL). The reduced and functionalized reduced GO (rGO-APMEL) sheets can be well dispersed in water without any added surfactant and the formed stable rGO aqueous dispersion can be kept for a long time, which can be used for the preparation of rubber-graphene (GE) composites by latex mixing. The electrostatic interaction between rGO-APMEL (positively charged) and natural rubber latex particles (negatively charged) leads to the formation of NR/rGO-APMEL composites with strong interaction. Compared with blank NR, the tensile strength and modulus for NR/rGO-APMEL increase with the rGO-APMEL loading. Especially, when the filler content is 5 phr, the tensile strength of NR/rGO-APMEL-5 increases by 32.7%, as a control the tensile strength of NR/GO-5 and NR/rGO-5 decrease by 20.1 and 15.6%, respectively. The entanglement-bound rubber tube model was used to analyze the reinforcing effect of GE on NR/rGO-APMEL nanocomposites at a molecular level. This study may provide us a novel approach to prepare well dispersed and exfoliated rGO-polymer nanocomposites.

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“…To highlight the importance of phase transfer agent to properties of crosslinked elastomers, we compare tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break among this work and the elastomers with different accelerators in Figure 4 c,d. The data of elastomers with different accelerators are from the previous works, containing N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CZ) [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], diphenyl guanidine (D) [ 49 , 50 ], dibenzothiazyl disulfide (DM) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) [ 2 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide (NS) [ 30 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], and tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) [ 30...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Mechanically Robust Crosslinked Elastomers through Phase Transfer Agent Tuning the Solubility of Zn2+ in the Organic Phase

et al. 2022

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Zinc oxide (ZnO), which is toxic to aquatic organisms, is widely used as an activator in the rubber industry. The reduction of ZnO content is one of the efficient ways to tackle ecological environment impacts induced by ZnO. However, the incompatibility between Zn2+ and organic matrix inhibits the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, causing the heavy use of ZnO. This work develops a phase transfer agent with Zn2+-philic structure and oleophilic structure to increase the solubility of Zn2+ in the organic matrix. The phase transfer agent and Zn2+ form coordination interactions, while the hydrophobic chains of phase transfer agent and organic matrix form hydrophobic interactions. The above two interactions improve the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, contributing to the formation of crosslinking network. Through the phase transfer agent strategy, we obtain the mechanically robust elastomers, and the samples with low ZnO content still maintain the superior properties. This work provides an efficient way to reduce ZnO content without sacrificing the performance of elastomers.

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New evidence disclosed for the engineered strong interfacial interaction of graphene/rubber nanocomposites

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review

Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review

Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide and the application for rubber composites

Toward Mechanically Robust Crosslinked Elastomers through Phase Transfer Agent Tuning the Solubility of Zn2+ in the Organic Phase

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