This study explores diverse crystal engineering concepts in the formulation of a series of new porphyrin-based supramolecular arrays, utilizing tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin as an effective building block. Different modes of the supramolecular assembly are demonstrated. They include: (a) selfassembly of the porphyrin units into extended networks through multiple hydrogen bonding, (b) intermolecular coordination assisted by external sodium ion auxiliaries which link between the carboxylic/carboxylate groups of several