As a large agricultural country, the three rural areas have always been one of the key areas of concern for national economic development. Among them, agricultural products finance is not only related to the development of agricultural economy, but also related to the poverty alleviation and wealth of thousands of farmers. With the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, blockchain, and other financial technologies, it will be important to build a new model of agricultural products supply chain finance and a special agricultural products O2O cloud service platform by relying on new technologies. Therefore, this paper conducts a study on the operation of agricultural products e-commerce platform based on cloud computing. This paper firstly introduces the advantages and key technologies of cloud computing. Secondly, this paper constructs the revenue models of e-merchants, farmers, and leading enterprises under insurance and risk-sharing modes and analyzes the optimal decisions of e-merchants, farmers, and leading enterprises under each mode and the influencing factors of the optimal decisions, so as to provide a new way of thinking for the construction of agricultural supply chain finance mode.