New Diterpenes with Potential Antitumoral Activity Isolated from Plants in the Years 2017–2022

Abstract

Diterpenes represent a wider class of isoprenoids, with more than 18,000 isolated compounds, and are present in plants, fungi, bacteria, and animals in both terrestrial and marine environments. Here, we report on the fully characterised structures of 251 new diterpenes, isolated from higher plants and published from 2017, which are shown to have antitumoral activity. An overview on the most active compounds, showing IC50 < 20 μM, is provided for diterpenes of different classes. The most active compounds were extracted from 29 different plant families; particularly, Euphorbiaceae (69 compounds) and Lamiaceae (54 compounds) were the richest sources of active compounds. A better activity than the positive control was obtained with 33 compounds against the A549 cell line, 28 compounds against the MCF-7 cell line, 9 compounds against the HepG2 cell line, 8 compounds against the Hep3B cell line, 19 compounds against the SMMC-7721 cell line, 9 compounds against the HL-60 cell line, 24 compounds against the SW480 cell line, and 19 compounds against HeLa.

Structure, Absolute Configuration, Antiproliferative and Phytotoxic Activities of Icetexane and Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia carranzae and Chemotaxonomic Implications

“…The family Lamiaceae is one of the richest sources of diterpenoids, with some of them exhibited promising anticancer activity [ 41 ]. Diterpenes of the abietane and icetexane type have demonstrated interesting antiproliferative activities, such as anastomosin from Salvia anastomosans and S. ballotiflora , as well as compound 9 (6,7-dihydro-7α-acetoxy icetexone) from S. ballotiflora [ 28 ], which is also present in S. carranzae .…”

On the Cholesterol Raising Effect of Coffee Diterpenes Cafestol and 16-O-Methylcafestol: Interaction with Farnesoid X Receptor

“…Coffee diterpenes belong to the kaurene family [10], with cafestol (CAF), kahweol, and 16-O-methylcafestol (16OMC) being the most representative (Figure 1), although their presence is characteristic of the coffee species. In fact, C. arabica contains CAF and kahweol while C. canephora contains mainly CAF with kahweol and 16OMC present only in trace amounts.…”