New disease and old threats: A case series of COVID‐19 and tuberculosis coinfection in Saudi Arabia

Shabrawishi, Mohammed; AlQarni, Abdullmoin; Ghazawi, Maher A; Melibari, Baraa; Baljoon, Tebra; Alwafi, Hassan; Samannodi, Mohammed

doi:10.1002/ccr3.4233

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(52 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…is coinfection was described in both genders and in all age groups including a three-month-old Gambian patient, with a slight predominance in males and migrants [4]. ese cases were only reported in some countries like Italy [5][6][7][8][9], Singapore [10,11], India [12][13][14][15], China [16][17][18][19], Brazil [20,21], Turkey [22,23], Saudi Arabia [24][25][26], and Mexico [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His laboratory findings showed an elevated white blood cells count (10240/ml) (normal: 7000-10000/ml) with high neutrophilic count, a microcytic hypochromic anemia at 10.7 (normal: 13-18 mg/dl), lymphocytopenia at 710 (normal: 1500-4000/mL), an elevated C-reactive protein at 208 (normal:<5 mg/l), normal procalcitonin level 0.26 (normal <5), elevated lactate dehydrogenase at 371 (normal: 135-225 U/L), elevated ferritin at 764 ng/ml (normal: 30-400 ng/ml), blood sugar at 2.29 g/l, and bicarbonates at 22.75 (normal: [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. His renal and liver full workup was normal.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Moroccan Patient with Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

Zouaki

Chahbi

Raiteb

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging cases of coinfection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB), although rare, have attracted the attention of health systems around the world and have arisen many concerns about the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this coinfection especially in high TB burden countries. Here, we report a rare case and, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case in Morocco of simultaneous diagnosis of an active pulmonary TB infection and a COVID-19 pneumonia. We present a case of a sixty-seven-year-old male patient who was admitted to our COVID-19 emergency department with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, confirmed by nasopharyngeal swab’s polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2. The atypical radiological findings suggested a TB coinfection which was later confirmed by sputum cultures and Xpert MTB/Rif assay. The patient also presented some complications including thrombosis of the left leg, pulmonary embolism and inaugural ketosis. Treatment was administered as per local protocols: broad spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids, fixed dose-combination of antituberculosis treatment along with hydration and insulin therapy for ketosis treatment and anticoagulation. The patient was discharged after twenty-three days of hospitalization. Due to the currently limited data, further studies are necessary to establish any possible correlation between COVID-19 infection and the progression of a latent and/or the severity of an active TB infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Moroccan Patient with Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

Zouaki

Chahbi

Raiteb

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A case series of 7 patients with co-infection in Saudi Arabia was reported with each case showing signs of TB prior to confirmation of co-infection through microbiological testing [ 59 ]. Although the patients had differing presentations of disease, they were all found to have atypical imaging characteristics for COVID-19 that raised suspicion for alternative pulmonary disease.…”

Section: Effect Of Covid On Active Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

TB and COVID-19: An Exploration of the Characteristics and Resulting Complications of Co-infection

Luke¹,

Swafford²,

Shirazi³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Schol Ed)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection are two respiratory diseases that are of particular concern epidemiologically. Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases recorded in the history of mankind dating back thousands of years. It is estimated that approximately one quarter of the world’s population is infected with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI). This contrasts with COVID-19, which emerged in late 2019. Data continues to accumulate and become available on this pathogen, but the long-term side effect of fibrotic damage in COVID-19 patients evokes parallels between this novel coronavirus and its ancient bacterial affiliate. This similarity as well as several others may incite inquiries on whether coinfection of individuals with latent TB and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead to excessive fibrosis in the lungs and thus the emergence of an active TB infection. While it is well understood how TB leads to structural and immunological lung complications including granuloma formation, fibrosis, and T cell exhaustion, less is known about the disease course when coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is present. Past and present research demonstrate that IL-10, TNF- α , IFN class I-III, TGF- β , IL-35, and Regulatory T cells (T-regs) are all important contributors of the characteristics of host response to mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has also been noted with current research that IL-10, TNF- α , IFN class I, II, and III, TGF- β , ACE-2, and T-regs are also important contributors to the host response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different ways than they are to the TB pathogen. Both pathogens may lead to an unbalanced inflammatory immune response, and together a shared dysregulation of immune response suggests an increased risk of severity and progression of both diseases. We have reviewed 72 different manuscripts between the years 1992 and 2021. The manuscripts pertaining to the SARS-COV-2 virus specifically are from the years 2020 and 2021. Our literature review aims to explore the biomolecular effects of these contributors to pathogenicity of both diseases along with current publications on TB/COVID-19 coinfection, focusing on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection with both latent and active TB, as well as the challenges in treating TB during the COVID-19 pandemic. The compiled material will then aid the latticework foundation of knowledge for future research leading to a hopeful improved system of therapeutic strategies for coinfection.

show abstract

“…A unique case series from Saudi Arabia reported Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus co-infection in 12% of patients already suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2[ 9 ]. At the same time, another case series from Saudi Arabia by Shabrawishi et al [ 10 ] reported 7 cases of COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection[ 10 ]. The interesting results of Hashemi et al [ 11 ] showed influenza A (H1N1) virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza viruses in 105 dead patients with COVID-19 in northeastern Iran[ 11 ].…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and fungal co-infection is a major barrier in COVID-19 patients: A specific management and therapeutic strategy is required

Sahu¹,

Verma²,

Bhaskar³

2022

WJV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbial co-infections are another primary concern in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet it is an untouched area among researchers. Preliminary data and systematic reviews only show the type of pathogens responsible for that, but its pathophysiology is still unknown. Studies show that these microbial co-infections are hospital-acquired/nosocomial infections, and patients admitted to intensive care units with invasive mechanical ventilation are highly susceptible to it. Patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory cytokines and a weakened cell-mediated immune response, with lower CD4 + T and CD8 + T cell counts, indicating vulnerability to various co-infections. Despite this, there are only a few studies that recommend the management of co-infections.

show abstract

New disease and old threats: A case series of COVID‐19 and tuberculosis coinfection in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: COVID‐19 and TB coinfection are not common and may occur more in TB endemic countries. However, patients with pre‐COVID‐19 chronic respiratory symptoms should be screened for TB as well.

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Moroccan Patient with Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Moroccan Patient with Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

TB and COVID-19: An Exploration of the Characteristics and Resulting Complications of Co-infection

Bacterial and fungal co-infection is a major barrier in COVID-19 patients: A specific management and therapeutic strategy is required

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About