New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory

Kubrin, Charis E.; Weitzer, Ronald

doi:10.1177/0022427803256238

Cited by 599 publications

(485 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Police rely on the public to act as their 'eyes and ears', to report crime and disorder to the police, and to otherwise intervene informally when community problems arise (Grinc, 1994). It is therefore in the best interests of the police to promote informal social control (Kubrin and Weitzer, 2003).…”

Section: Collective Efficacy and Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policing community problems: Exploring the role of formal social control in shaping collective efficacy

Sargeant

Wickes

Mazerolle

2013

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

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Research finds police-led crime control interventions focusing on places and involving partnerships tend to yield positive crime control outcomes. Some scholars argue that these positive outcomes are achieved when police use place-based, partnership-oriented interventions to facilitate and encourage collective efficacy (CE). The corollary being that these CE-enhancing efforts lead to less crime. Nevertheless differentiating the police activities that impact CE across different types of communities is not well understood. This paper examines the role of police in shaping CE in two contrasting communities. Using in-depth interviews with residents and key informants we find that police are most likely to enhance CE when they foster a sense of effectiveness, use inclusive and partnership-oriented strategies and when they implement strategies in a manner that encourages perceptions of police legitimacy. Moreover, if police can maintain or cultivate a sense of empowerment among community residents, they are more likely to foster CE. Yet the role of police in enhancing CE is different in different community types. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy and practice.

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Section: Collective Efficacy and Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policing community problems: Exploring the role of formal social control in shaping collective efficacy

Sargeant

Wickes

Mazerolle

2013

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

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“…Nonetheless researchers have highlighted the importance of concepts such as social disorganization and collective efficacy (Sampson and Groves 1989;Kubrin and Weitzer 2003). This argues that if a community is insular and apathetic to crime, then antisocial behavior is more likely to thrive.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the demographic profile and attitudes of citizens, in areas where organized crime groups proliferate

2017

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Whilst studies refer to the community impact of Organized Crime (OC), no survey currently exists to examine the views of those citizens who reside in areas where Organized Crime Groups (OCGs) proliferate. 431 questionnaires from households coexisting in high density OCGs areas were analysed in relation to: a) demographic information; b) views on the community and the police; and c) how they expected other residents to react to illegal incidents. Overall respondents thought the average citizen would refuse to intervene in 10% -48% of illegal incidents, with the specific case influencing whether and how they would respond. The analysis then compared three communities who lived in high density OCG areas with a control community (n = 343). The 'OCG' communities were more likely to report low collective efficacy and were generally least likely to expect their neighbours to confront a crime in action. Conversely, whilst the control group showed higher levels of collective efficacy and expected the average resident to be more likely in confronting illegal behaviour, this trend did not extend to street drug dealing and serious crime associated with OC. The study discusses the unreported intimidation associated with OCGs and the challenges of policing hostile environments.

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“…Risk may be similar, regardless of individual differences, because youth with low and high self-control may face similar obstacles for attaining status and economic success (Kubrin & Weitzer, 2003), which in turn may lead them to adopt unconventional ideals to gain status and respect. This can contribute to the emergence of values that encourage and violence or an "I will get them before they get me" mentality.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking the Influence of Neighborhood Context and Antisocial Propensity on Violent Victimization of Children and Adolescents in Chicago

Gibson¹

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This research combines social disorganization and self-control theories to understand violent victimization among children and adolescents. In doing so, several research questions are investigated to explore the independent and interactive influences that neighborhood disadvantage and low self-control have on violent victimization risk.Data from the 9, 12, and 15-year old cohorts of the Longitudinal Cohort Study in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN-LCS) were used in this study. Data analyzed were from self-reports of children, adolescents, and their primary caregivers during waves 1 and 2 of the longitudinal data collection effort. In addition, neighborhood structural characteristics from the U.S. Census were also analyzed.Results from a combination of hierarchical generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models with robust standard errors revealed that violent victimization did not significantly vary across neighborhoods, and independent of various behavioral and lifestyle choices made by children and adolescents, low self-control increased the risk for becoming a victim of violence. Additionally, choices made by them also influenced their risk of violent victimization; those who reported engaging in violent offending, spending more time in unstructured activities, and having more delinquent peers had a higher risk of being a victim of violence. Further analysis shows that the association between low self-control and violent victimization risk varies across levels of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage in which youth live; low self-control's influence in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods dissipated while it was amplified for those living in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Unstructured socializing with peers was the only factor that significantly influenced violent victimization risk across low, medium and high disadvantaged neighborhoods. Findings are consistent with a "social push" perspective, which suggests that disadvantaged environments provide social pressures that may override the influence of individual differences on vulnerability to violent victimization.Implications of this study's findings are discussed as they relate to policy, prevention and theory; while also setting forth a research agenda on neighborhoods, antisocial traits, and violent victimization risk for future research.

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New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory

Cited by 599 publications

References 68 publications

Policing community problems: Exploring the role of formal social control in shaping collective efficacy

Policing community problems: Exploring the role of formal social control in shaping collective efficacy

Examining the demographic profile and attitudes of citizens, in areas where organized crime groups proliferate

Unpacking the Influence of Neighborhood Context and Antisocial Propensity on Violent Victimization of Children and Adolescents in Chicago

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