New directional archeomagnetic data of burned cave sediments from Switzerland and geomagnetic field variations in Central Europe

Kapper, Kathrin Lisa; Donadini, F.; Mauvilly, Michel; Panovska, Sanja; Hirt, Ann M.

doi:10.1093/gji/ggu184

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Otherwise, they should exhibit thermomagnetic reversibility when re-heated to that temperature in the lab. This behaviour has been previously observed in similar burnt cave facies [55,88,89]. Partial thermomagnetic curves were carried out on a twin sample of one of the samples showing irreversible behaviour in the thermomagnetic curve up to 700°C (Fig 5F).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

An experimental approach to the preservation potential of magnetic signatures in anthropogenic fires

et al. 2019

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Archaeomagnetic and rock-magnetic methods are of great value in the identification of archaeological fire, especially in Palaeolithic sites where evidence is usually scarce, ambiguous or poorly preserved. Although taphonomic processes can significantly modify Palaeolithic combustion structures, the extent to which such processes affect the magnetic record remains unknown. Here we report the results of an archaeomagnetic study involving five, two-to-five-year-old experimental combustion structures in open-air and cave settings. Some of these combustion structures involved post-combustion human actions such as trampling and relighting. Our results show pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite as the main magnetic carrier. Wood ash layers of combustion structures are the most magnetic facies followed by thermally altered sediments constituting the combustion substrates. A decreasing magnetic concentration pattern in depth was observed as a function of temperature. Positive correlation was found between good-quality directional data and macroscopically well-preserved combustion structures. Partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) was the main magnetization mechanism identified in the combustion substrate facies. These data coupled with partial thermomagnetic curve experiments show the potential of these methods to estimate maximum temperatures of the last combustion event. Relightings show very good directional results, but they cannot be identified because the time between them is not enough to statistically distinguish directional variations of the local Earth´s magnetic field. The substrate sediment of an intensively trampled combustion structure yielded reliable archaeomagnetic directions. The results are discussed in terms of magnetization preservation potential and the effects of taphonomic processes on the archaeomagnetic record.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

An experimental approach to the preservation potential of magnetic signatures in anthropogenic fires

et al. 2019

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“…Data ID' is a specific code assigned by the author of a study to an entry within a publication table. For instance, in Kapper et al (2014) Table three, each fireplace was assigned a code (e.g., FA39) and this code is entered in 'Pub. Data ID.…”

Section: General Metadatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has become common to compare archeomagnetic, volcanic, or sediment data with the location-dependent output of these models (e.g., Haltia-Hovi et al (2011);Kapper et al (2014); Tanaka et al (2012)). To ease such comparisons, we have incorporated functionality to plot and save model predictions for user defined locations ('Figures and downloads' section).…”

Section: Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GEOMAGIA50.v3: 1. general structure and modifications to the archeological and volcanic database

et al. 2015

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Background: GEOMAGIA50.v3 is a comprehensive online database providing access to published paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and chronological data from a variety of materials that record Earth's magnetic field over the past 50 ka.Findings: Since its original release in 2006, the structure and function of the database have been updated and a significant number of data have been added. Notable modifications are the following: (1) the inclusion of additional intensity, directional and metadata from archeological and volcanic materials and an improved documentation of radiocarbon dates; (2) a new data model to accommodate paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and chronological data from lake and marine sediments; (3) a refinement of the geographic constraints in the archeomagnetic/volcanic query allowing selection of particular locations; (4) more flexible methodological and statistical constraints in the archeomagnetic/volcanic query; (5) the calculation of predictions of the Holocene geomagnetic field from a series of time varying global field models; (6) searchable reference lists; and (7) an updated web interface. This paper describes general modifications to the database and specific aspects of the archeomagnetic and volcanic database. The reader is referred to a companion publication for a description of the sediment database. Conclusions:The archeomagnetic and volcanic part of GEOMAGIA50.v3 currently contains 14,645 data (declination, inclination, and paleointensity) from 461 studies published between 1959 and 2014. We review the paleomagnetic methods used to obtain these data and discuss applications of the data within the database. The database continues to expand as legacy data are added and new studies published. The web-based interface can be found at http:// geomagia.gfz-potsdam.de.

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“…A large number of paleomagnetic studies that employ a Day-Dunlop plot find often that the samples fall into the PSD size range [e.g., Cinku et al, 2013;Di Chiara et al, 2014;Guzm an et al, 2011;Hao et al, 2012;Kapper et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Stanton et al, 2011;Tianshui et al, 2012]. One possible reason could be that the samples consist of mixtures of grain sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental mixtures of superparamagnetic and single‐domain magnetite with respect to Day‐Dunlop plots

Kumari

Hirt

Uebe

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Day-Dunlop plots are widely used in paleomagnetic and environmental studies as a tool to determine the magnetic domain state of magnetite, i.e., superparamagnetic (SP), stable single-domain (SD), pseudosingle-domain (PSD), multidomain (MD), and their mixtures. The few experimental studies that have examined hysteresis properties of SD-SP mixtures of magnetite found that the ratios of saturation remanent magnetization to saturation magnetization and the coercivity of remanence to coercivity are low, when compared to expected theoretical mixing trends based on Langevin theory. This study reexamines DayDunlop plots using experimentally controlled mixtures of SD and SP magnetite grains. End-members include magnetotactic bacteria (MSR-1) as the SD source, and a commercial ferrofluid or magnetotactic bacteria (DA12) as the SP source. Each SP-component was added incrementally to a SD sample. Experimental results from these mixing series show that the magnetization and coercivity ratios are lower than the theoretical prediction for bulk SP magnetic size. Although steric repulsion was present between the particles, we cannot rule out interaction in the ferrofluid for higher concentrations. The SP bacteria are noninteracting as the magnetite was enclosed by an organic bilipid membrane. Our results demonstrate that the magnetization and coercivity ratios of SD-SP mixtures can lie in the PSD range, and that an unambiguous interpretation of particle size can only be made with information about the magnetic properties of the end-members.

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New directional archeomagnetic data of burned cave sediments from Switzerland and geomagnetic field variations in Central Europe

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

An experimental approach to the preservation potential of magnetic signatures in anthropogenic fires

An experimental approach to the preservation potential of magnetic signatures in anthropogenic fires

GEOMAGIA50.v3: 1. general structure and modifications to the archeological and volcanic database

Experimental mixtures of superparamagnetic and single‐domain magnetite with respect to Day‐Dunlop plots

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