New dimensions in non‐classical neural computing, part II: quantum, nano, and optical

Abstract

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to introduce new non-classical implementations of neural networks (NNs). The developed implementations are performed in the quantum, nano, and optical domains to perform the required neural computing. The various implementations of the new NNs utilizing the introduced architectures are presented, and their extensions for the utilization in the non-classical neural-systolic networks are also introduced. Design/methodology/approach -The introduced neural circuits utilize recent findings in the quantum, nano, and optical fields to implement the functionality of the basic NN. This includes the techniques of many-valued quantum computing (MVQC), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and linear optics. The extensions of implementations to non-classical neural-systolic networks using the introduced neural-systolic architectures are also presented. Findings -Novel NN implementations are introduced in this paper. NN implementation using the general scheme of MVQC is presented. The proposed method uses the many-valued quantum orthonormal computational basis states to implement such computations. Physical implementation of quantum computing (QC) is performed by controlling the potential to yield specific wavefunction as a result of solving the Schrödinger equation that governs the dynamics in the quantum domain. The CNT-based implementation of logic NNs is also introduced. New implementations of logic NNs are also introduced that utilize new linear optical circuits which use coherent light beams to perform the functionality of the basic logic multiplexer by utilizing the properties of frequency, polarization, and incident angle. The implementations of non-classical neural-systolic networks using the introduced quantum, nano, and optical neural architectures are also presented. Originality/value -The introduced NN implementations form new important directions in the NN realizations using the newly emerging technologies. Since the new quantum and optical implementations have the advantages of very high-speed and low-power consumption, and the nano implementation exists in very compact space where CNT-based field effect transistor switches reliably using much less power than a silicon-based device, the introduced implementations for non-classical neural computation are new and interesting for the design in future technologies that require the optimal design specifications of super-high speed, minimum power consumption, and minimum size, such as in low-power control of autonomous robots, adiabatic low-power very-large-scale integration circuit design for signal processing applications, QC, and nanotechnology.

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

“…buckyball), SWCNT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown array of MWCNT towers, and an important example of CNT-based application in electronic systems as a channel in a FET. The newly emerging CNT technology has been implemented in many new promising applications (Al-Rabadi, 2007, 2009aAmaratunga, 2003;Bonard et al, 2002;Cheng et al, 2004;Collins and Avouris, 2000;Collins et al, 2001;Derycke et al, 2001;Drexler, 1986;Fujieda et al, 2005;Jiao et al, 2003;Likharev, 2003;Tomanek et al, 2002). These applications include TVs that are based on the field emission of CNTs that consume much less power, are thinner, and have much higher resolution than the best plasmabased TVs available; nanocircuits based on CNTs such as CNT-based FETs that consume less power and are much faster than the available silicon-based FETs; carbon nanocoils that can be used as inductors in nanofilters and as nanosprings in nano dynamic systems; and CNT rings.…”

“…The CNT is made from graphite, where it has been observed that graphite can be formed into nano-scale in three forms: carbon nanoball (or buckyball)a molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms (C 60 ) that are arranged in the form of a soccer ball; CNTnarrow strip of tiny sheet of graphite that comes mainly in two types: multi-walled CNT (MWCNT), where each CNT contains several hollow cylinders of carbon atoms nested inside each other, and single-walled CNT (SWCNT), which is made of just a single layer of carbon atoms; and carbon nanocoil. Implementations of basic logic gates such as the logic inverter using CNTs have been demonstrated (Derycke et al, 2001), engineering CNT circuits using electrical breakdown has been shown (Collins et al, 2001), the utilization of CNT-based films for cathode-based implementations has been demonstrated (Obraztsov et al, 2000), designing CNT multiplexer-based circuits and actuators has been shown (Al-Rabadi, 2007, 2009a, and the potential importance of CNTs for the design of electronic circuits and systems has been proposed (Collins and Avouris, 2000).…”

Parallel Bijective Processing of Regular Nano Systolic Grids via Carbon Field Emission Controlled - Switching

“…This is due to the fact that reversible logic leads to the design of computer systems that consume much less power and occupy much less space [1,3,9,20,29,32,34], where it was shown that if all physical subcircuits were designed to be reversible then the whole system composed of inter-connecting these reversible sub-systems will minimize its operational need for power consumption [29]. For this purpose, various important technologies have been investigated to implement reversibility such as adiabatic CMOS circuits [36], optical computing [4] and quantum computation circuits and systems [1,2,4,15,20,[32][33][34].…”

Field emission - based many-valued processing using carbon nanotube controlled switches - Part 2: Architecture effectuation

“…Nanotechnology is a new emerging interdisciplinary field of research that covers several important science and technology areas of electronics, chemistry, physics and biology, which analyzes and synthesizes systems in the nano scale (10 -9 m) such as nanoparticles, nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [4,7,8,14,15,17,29,30,33,35,44]. The CNT technology is one of many cutting-edge new technologies within nanotechnology which is showing high efficiency and a very wide range of applications in several various areas in science and engineering [3][4][5][6][7]9,12,14,15,17,24,28,30,35,36,41,44].…”

“…Carbon nanotubes have attracted attention in recent years not only for their relatively small dimensions and unique morphologies, but also for their potential implementations in many current and emerging technologies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]12,14,15,17,24,[28][29][30]33,35,36,41,44]. The CNT is made from graphite [8,14,15,17,30,33].…”