New diagnostic techniques, universal soil extractants

Raij, Bernardo van

doi:10.1080/00103629409369081

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The amount of K in soils is a function of the soil parent material, the extent of weathering and leaching of soil minerals, the type of clay minerals, soil texture, organic matter content, and K fertilizer history (2). Extractants with multiple extracting capabilities have been developed (4,5) to take the full advantage of the multielement analytical techniques. Extractants with multiple extracting capabilities have been developed (4,5) to take the full advantage of the multielement analytical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Zbíral

Němec

2005

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Mehlich 3, Mehlich 2, CAL (calcium lactate), Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl 2 , and aqua regia were compared as soil potassium extractants. Comparison was focused on the relationships between Mehlich 3 as a Czech official soil-testing method and the extractants used for this purpose in the past (Mehlich 2, Schachtschabel) or frequently studied in some other countries (CAL, 0.01 M CaCl 2 , aqua regia); 1 181 agriculture soil samples were collected for the study (157 light soils, 968 medium soils, and 56 heavy soils). The soil samples represented all major soil types, climatic regions, and proportions of agronomic cultures in the Czech Republic. The amount of potassium extracted by the chosen methods relative to Mehlich 3 (100%) was approximately as follow: aqua regia (1500%); CAL (85%); Mehlich 2 (85%); Schachtschabel (80%); 0.01 M CaCl 2 (40%). Statistically highly significant linear relationships between Mehlich 3 and Mehlich 2, Schachtschabel, CAL, and 0.01 M CaCl 2 were found. No relationship was found between aqua regia and the other extractants. Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for the linear regression between Mehlich 3 and the other methods for all soils were 0.943 (Mehlich 2), 0.842 (CAL), 0.850 (Schachtschabel), and 0.727 (0.01 M CaCl 2 ). The results of the study enabled us in many cases to recalculate the criteria for the evaluation of the chosen methods without conducting new field and pot experiments but recalculation of the individual measurements cannot be recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Zbíral

Němec

2005

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…Soil testing provides farmers with the greatest amount of practically applicable information (Raij, 1994;1998). Regardless of their present drawbacks chemical methods of agricultural soil testing are the most frequently used tools of diagnostics of the nutrient status of soil and the need for fertilisation derived from it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Soil Magnesium and Sulphur Content after Kieserite Application into Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

Lošák

Hlušek

Lampartová

et al. 2017

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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In 2016 a pot experiment (5 kg of soil -Mitscherlich pots) with 4 treatments (incl. unfertilized control treatment) was established with spring barley, variety KWS Irina, in the outdoor vegetation hall. Haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a good supply of magnesium and slightly acid soil reaction -6.01) was used for this trial. The rates of magnesium (0.075 -0.15 -0.3 g Mg per pot) and sulphur (0.1 -0.2 -0.4 g S per pot) were increased by using the ESTA Kieserite fertiliser (25 % MgO; 20 % S), treatments 2 -4. Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. The content of post-harvest soil magnesium and sulphur increased significantly with the applied rate .6 mg S/ kg, respectively). The soil reaction (pH) increased significantly in all the fertilised treatments (6.42 -6.57 -6.60) against the unfertilised control treatment (6.10). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass (41.75 -42.25 -44.75 -44.25 g DM per pot) increased significantly only when the two highest rates of fertilisers were applied (44.75 -44.25 g DM per pot) as against the other treatments.

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“…A single universal soil test to accurately assess risks due to contamination of soils by heavy metals does not exist (McLaughlin et al 2000). To avoid having to use several different extractants, multielement extractants have been extensively tested (Sims 1989;van Raij 1994;Abreu et al 2002) and are now preferred. The plant availability of elements in soil depends on many factors, including soil properties such as pH, organic-matter content, redox potential, and biological activity (McBride 1994;Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Estimating Phytoavailable Metals in Soils

Başar

2009

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Total concentration is not a reliable indicator of metal phytoavailability in soils. There is a dearth of single universal multielement methods with critical value. Therefore, this study was implemented to select appropriate methods for evaluation of phytoavailable metal status in peaches grown in alkaline alluvial soils. Component plant parts (leaf and fruit flesh and peel) and soil samples were collected from 21 orchards. Fourteen extraction methods were applied to the soils to determine the phytoavailable metal content of the soils. Metal [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] concentrations in leaf, flesh, and peel samples were assayed, and the relationship was investigated among metals in component parts of the plant. Metals were assayed by various methods to select the most representative method. The methods of aqua regia, Morgan extraction solution, ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc; pH 4.8), 0.01 M disodium ethylenediamine-di-ohydroxyphenylacetic acid (Na 2 EDDHA), and sodium acetate (NaOAc) + diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for Fe and DTPA + triethanolamine (TEA) + calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), 0.05 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) + 0.025 N sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), NH 4 OAc (pH 4.8), 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; pH 7.0), 0.01 M Na 2 EDDHA, and 1 M ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ) + 0.005 M DTPA for Ni were well correlated to Fe and Ni in the leaves, respectively. The main factors affecting Fe and Ni availability in the soils were compared with the other methods. Therefore, based on this study, 0.01 M Na 2 EDDHA should be used for determination of phytoavailable Fe and Ni status in peaches grown on alkaline alluvial soils.Poor correlation was found among the rest of the metals assayed by the methods, concentrations of these metals in component parts of the peach trees, and the examined soil properties. Metal content of the flesh had low correlation coefficients with the examined properties.

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New diagnostic techniques, universal soil extractants

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Changes in the Soil Magnesium and Sulphur Content after Kieserite Application into Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

Methods for Estimating Phytoavailable Metals in Soils

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New diagnostic techniques, universal soil extractants

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl2and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl2and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Changes in the Soil Magnesium and Sulphur Content after Kieserite Application into Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

Methods for Estimating Phytoavailable Metals in Soils

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Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils

Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl₂and Aqua Regia Extractants for Determination of Potassium in Soils