New Developments in the Virus Therapy of Cancer: A Historical Review

Sinkovics, Joseph G.; Horváth, J

doi:10.1159/000150339

Cited by 109 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, for 83 patients, survival was 68% after 5 years, significantly higher than historical controls. 209,210,212 Autologous NDV oncolysate was also used in a phase II trial to treat colorectal cancer after the resection of metastatic liver lesions. 213 The oncolysate was initiated 2 weeks after surgery and administered every 2 weeks for five cycles with one booster 3 months later.…”

Section: Promoter-driven Viral Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic viral therapies

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molecular research has vastly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of cancer growth and spread. Targeted approaches utilizing molecular science have yielded provocative results in the treatment of cancer. Oncolytic viruses genetically programmed to replicate within cancer cells and directly induce toxic effect via cell lysis or apoptosis are currently being explored in the clinic. Safety has been confirmed and despite variable efficacy results several dramatic responses have been observed with some oncolytic viruses. This review summarizes results of clinical trials with oncolytic viruses in cancer.

show abstract

Section: Promoter-driven Viral Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic viral therapies

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3] The oncolytic virotherapy strategies proposed to date rely largely upon the natural preference of certain viruses for cancer cells, as exemplified by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and vesicular stomatitis virus, which belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and the family Rhabdoviridae, respectively. Both of these families of viruses are characterized by a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome, and thus are also called mononegaviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of a recombinant Sendai virus that is selectively activated and lyses human tumor cells expressing matrix metalloproteinases

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malignant tumor cells often express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) at a high level to enable their dissemination and metastasis. Sendai virus (SeV), a nonsegmented negative strand RNA virus, spreads in the target tissues in vivo via cleavage activation of the viral fusion glycoprotein by a tissue-specific, trypsin-like enzyme. By deleting the viral matrix protein, we previously generated a recombinant SeV that does not bud to mature virions, but is highly fusogenic and spreads extensively from cell to cell in a trypsindependent manner. Here, we changed the tryptic cleavage site of the fusion glycoprotein of this virus to a site susceptible to MMPs. The resulting recombinant virus was no longer activated by trypsin but spread efficiently in cultured cells supplemented with MMP2 or MMP9 and in human tumor cell lines expressing these MMPs. Furthermore, the virus spread extensively in tumor cells xenotrasplanted to nude mice without disseminating to the surrounding normal cells, leading to the inhibition of the tumor growth in the mice. These results demonstrate the selective targeting and killing of human tumor cells by recombinant SeV technology and greatly advance the reemerging concept of oncolytic virotherapy, which currently appears to rely largely upon a natural preference of certain viruses for cancer cells.

show abstract

“…1,2,5,21 Most often the patients in question were suffering from hematological malignancies such as leukemia or lymphoma, known to be associated with significant suppression of immune function. In addition, the remissions were short-lived, typically lasting only one or two months.…”

Section: Experiments Of Nature: Tumor Regressions During Naturally Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research.

show abstract

New Developments in the Virus Therapy of Cancer: A Historical Review

Cited by 109 publications

References 86 publications

Oncolytic viral therapies

Oncolytic viral therapies

Generation of a recombinant Sendai virus that is selectively activated and lyses human tumor cells expressing matrix metalloproteinases

History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About