New Developments in SPME Part 2: Analysis of Ammonium Nitrate-based Explosives

Brown, Hayley; Kirkbride, K.P.; Pigou, Paul E.; Walker, G. Stewart

doi:10.1520/jfs2003219

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Electrospray mass spectrometry when used with spectral libraries has been demonstrated to be a useful method for rapid identification of inorganic oxidizers commonly present in commercial and improvised explosives (281). SPME followed by GC/MS has been applied to the analysis of ammonium nitrate-based explosives (282). The sorption of explosives TNT, RDX, PETN, and TATP to hair during exposure to their vapors has been examined (283).…”

Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Science

Brettell¹,

Butler

Saferstein³

2005

Anal. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Science

Brettell¹,

Butler

Saferstein³

2005

Anal. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To overcome the shortcomings, an alkylchloroformate (including methyl, ethyl, propyl and isobutyl chloroformate) was introduced, which can rapidly (as short as a few seconds) derivatize organic acids and amino acids under mild reaction conditions (aqueous medium and room temperature) to form N ( O,S )‐alkoxycarbonyl alkyl esters 35–40. Recently, different alkylchloroformates have widely been applied to rapid determination of organic acids, and amino acids, in human urine, plasma and blood 35–43. In the proposed method, VPA in plasma was rapidly derivatized with the mixture of isobutyl chloroformate, ethanol and pyridine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of water‐phase derivatization followed by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for fast determination of valproic acid in human plasma

Deng

et al. 2006

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed and validated for the quantification of valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic drug, in human plasma, which was based on water-phase derivatization followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the proposed method, VPA in plasma was rapidly derivatized with a mixture of isobutyl chloroformate, ethanol and pyridine under mild conditions (room temperature, aqueous medium), and the VPA ethyl ester formed was headspace-extracted and simultaneously concentrated using the SPME technique. Finally, the analyte extracted on SPME fiber was analyzed by GC/MS. The experimental parameters and method validations were studied. The optimal conditions were obtained: PDMS fiber, stirring rate of 1100 rpm, sample temperature of 80 degrees C, extraction time of 20 min, NaCl concentration of 30%. The proposed method had a limit of quantification (0.3 microg/mL), good recovery (89-97%) and precision (RSD value less than 10%). Because the proposed method combined a rapid water-phase derivatization with a fast, simple and solvent-free sample extraction and concentration technique of SPME, the sample preparation time was less than 25 min. This much shortens the whole analysis time of VPA in plasma. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze VPA in human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic studies. All these results show that water-phase derivatization followed by HS-SPME and GC/MS is an alternative and powerful method for fast determination of VPA in biological fluids.

show abstract

“…SPME can be easily coupled with thermodesorber of the analytical system; gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) has been typically used with SPME. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been successfully used to recover explosives (Furton et al, 2008;Brown et al, 2004). Analysis of various explosives with SPME coupled to HPLC has been written (Furton, Wu, & Almirall, 2008;Gaurav et al, 2007).…”

Section: A Solid Phase Microextraction (Spme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

Mäkinen

Nousiainen

Sillanpää

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

146

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in high accuracy and resolution from a minimal quantity of explosive without involving complicated sample preparation. The performance of the in-field analysis of extremely hazardous material has to be user-friendly and safe for operators. The two closely related ion spectrometric methods used in explosive analyses include mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The four requirements-speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and sampling-are fulfilled with both of these methods.

show abstract

New Developments in SPME Part 2: Analysis of Ammonium Nitrate-based Explosives

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Forensic Science

Forensic Science

Development of water‐phase derivatization followed by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for fast determination of valproic acid in human plasma

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About