New Developments in Nucleation Theory and Their Impact on Natural Gas Separation

Kalikmanov, V. I.; Betting, Marco; Bruining, J.; Smeulders, David

doi:10.2118/110736-ms

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1 This subject has also much relevance for the petrochemical industry, in which water vapor is separated from natural gas. 2 Many homogeneous water nucleation experiments were conducted in the past decades. [3][4][5][6][7] With various experimental methods, the measured nucleation rates range from 10 4 m −3 s −1 up to 10 23 m −3 s −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of pressure and carrier gas on homogeneous water nucleation

Fransen

Hrubý

Smeulders

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Homogeneous nucleation rates of water droplets were measured at a nucleation temperature close to 240 K in a Pulse-Expansion Wave Tube (PEWT). Several measures were taken to improve the data obtained with the PEWT. For instance, the molar water vapor fraction was determined with three independent techniques. The resulting standard uncertainty of the supersaturation was within 1.8%. Results are given for water nucleation in helium at 100 kPa and at 1000 kPa and in nitrogen at 1000 kPa. Two trends were observed: (i) the values of the nucleation rate of water in helium at 1000 kPa are slightly but significantly higher (factor 3) than its values at 100 kPa and (ii) nucleation rates of water in nitrogen at 1000 kPa are clearly higher (factor 10) than in helium at the same pressure. It is argued that the explanation of the two observed trends is different. For case (i), it is the insufficient thermalization of the growing water clusters in helium at the lowest pressure that has a reducing effect on the nucleation rate, although a full quantitative agreement has not yet been reached. For case (ii), thermal effects being negligible, it is the pressure dependency of the surface tension, much stronger for nitrogen than for helium, that explains the trends observed, although also here a full quantitative agreement has not yet been achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of pressure and carrier gas on homogeneous water nucleation

Fransen

Hrubý

Smeulders

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…3.1). This method extends to mixtures of N > 2 components the approach used in literature for two components only (Kashchiev 1982;Oxtoby and Laaksonen 1995;Luijten et al 1998Wölk and Strey 2001;Kalikmanov et al 2007;Holten and van Dongen 2010). Method 2 (Sect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 to compute the N unknowns ( n * 1 , n * 2 , n * 3 , … , n * N ). The dependence of J and W * on S and p, in combination with the nucleation theorem, has been explored in literature to determine the cluster composition for mixtures with a maximum of two components, one of which being the condensing component Kalikmanov et al 2007;Holten and van Dongen 2010). We will extend this procedure to a mixture of N > 2 components in subsection 3.1 by exploiting the J and W * dependence on (S, p, y 2 , … , y N−1 ) .…”

Section: Application Of the Nucleation Theorem To Mixtures Of N Components At Constant Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These components can enter the cluster by means of dissolution and adsorption. Several examples can be found in literature on the analysis of the cluster composition by exploiting the nucleation theorem (Kashchiev 1982;Oxtoby and Laaksonen 1995;Luijten et al 1998Wölk and Strey 2001;Kalikmanov et al 2007;Holten and van Dongen 2010). At high pressure (>0.2 MPa), only few studies can be found in literature on the analysis of the critical cluster composition for water-carrier gas mixtures Holten and van Dongen 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical cluster composition from homogeneous nucleation data: application to water in carbon dioxide–nitrogen carrier gases

et al. 2021

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Knowledge on critical cluster composition is important for improving the nucleation theory. Thus, homogeneous water nucleation experiments previously carried out in nitrogen and 0%, 5%, 15% and 25% of carbon dioxide ( Campagna et al. 2020a, 2021) are analyzed. The tests were conducted at 240 K and 0.1 MPa, 1 MPa and 2 MPa. The observed nucleation rates are strongly dependent on supersaturation, pressure, temperature and mixture composition. These experimentally found dependencies can be used to derive the composition of critical clusters by means of the nucleation theorem. In this way, a macroscopic quantity, nucleation rate, reveals properties of critical clusters consisting of a few tens of molecules. Two novel methods are presented for the detailed application of the nucleation theorem. The first method extends to mixtures of $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,N>2\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ N > 2 components the approach used in literature for two components. The second method not only applies to $$N>2$$ N > 2 mixtures in a more straightforward manner, but it can also be used for unary as well as for binary and multi-component nucleation cases. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time the critical cluster composition is computed for high pressure nucleation data of a vapor (here water) in mixtures of two carrier gases (here carbon dioxide–nitrogen). After a proper parameterization of the nucleation rate data, both methods consistently lead to the same critical nuclei compositions within the experimental uncertainty. Increasing pressure and carbon dioxide molar fraction at fixed supersaturation leads to a decrease in the water content of the critical cluster, while the adsorbed number of nitrogen and carbon dioxide molecules increases. As a consequence, the surface tension decreases. This outcome explains the observed increase in the nucleation rate with increasing pressure and carbon dioxide molar fraction at constant supersaturation. Graphic abstract

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“…La segunda es la "Teoría Semi-Fenomenológica -TSF" y sustenta que la principal desventaja de la TNC es considerar las propiedades macroscópicas y utilizan la termodinámica estadística para el cálculo de propiedades (Ford, Laaksonen, y Kulmala, 1993; VI Kalikmanov, Wölk, y Kraska, 2008). Kalikmanov et al (2007), utilizaron esta teoría en la separación de gas natural con resultados poco satisfactorios. La tercera es la "Teoría de…”

Section: Crecimiento De Gotaunclassified

Revisión del proceso de separación de fases del gas natural a alta presión en la industria Oil&Gas

2019

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La separación física de líquidos y gases es una de las operaciones de producción, procesamiento y tratamiento en la industria petrolera, necesaria para prevenir daños en equipos rotativos, evitar corrosión en tuberías y cumplir con las especificaciones de calidad del gas natural para uso doméstico. Cuando la presión de operación aumenta, la diferencia de densidades entre las fases disminuye, lo cual dificulta el proceso de separación. Se realiza la revisión del estado del arte, desde los años 90 hasta el presente, de las diferentes metodologías para separar las fases líquida y gaseosa del gas natural, así como las variables de diseño con aplicación a sistemas que operan a alta presión; prestando especial énfasis en los avances encontrados utilizando Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional. Los resultados muestran que, aunque los separadores centrífugos y los separadores supersónicos son más compactos y de fácil mantenimiento comparados con los separadores gravitacionales, éstos últimos continúan siendo la estrategia más favorable cuando se combinan alta presión y baja cantidad de líquido (menos del 4% vol), como es el caso del gas natural. Conclusión adjudicada, en parte, a la falta de estudios experimentales/numéricos que involucren al gas natural en equipos alternativos al separador gravitacional

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New Developments in Nucleation Theory and Their Impact on Natural Gas Separation

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

On the effect of pressure and carrier gas on homogeneous water nucleation

On the effect of pressure and carrier gas on homogeneous water nucleation

Critical cluster composition from homogeneous nucleation data: application to water in carbon dioxide–nitrogen carrier gases

Revisión del proceso de separación de fases del gas natural a alta presión en la industria Oil&Gas

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