New developments in green biotechnology - an inventory for RIVM

Wiel, C.C.M. van de; Smulders, M.J.M.; Visser, R.G.F.; Schaart, Jan G.

doi:10.18174/385481

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 93 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Parties aiming at commercializing the plant products could produce a gene-edited plant with deletions to establish whether it generates the desired functionality, and then would “re-produce” a similar plant using classical mutagenesis. Companies would be able to do that also because the quickly increasing efficiency of next-generation DNA sequencing for mutation screening in recent times has stimulated them to (re)develop mutated populations in their crops (Van de Wiel et al 2016 ). However, this would not be an efficient and optimal use of resources in breeding, and would give up on advantages hardly feasible by classical mutagenesis, such as the possibility of inducing recessive mutations in all alleles of a targeted gene in polyploid crops.…”

Section: Regulatory and Ip Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New traits in crops produced by genome editing techniques based on deletions

Wiel

Schaart

Lotz

et al. 2017

Plant Biotechnol Rep

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One of the most promising New Plant Breeding Techniques is genome editing (also called gene editing) with the help of a programmable site-directed nuclease (SDN). In this review, we focus on SDN-1, which is the generation of small deletions or insertions (indels) at a precisely defined location in the genome with zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), TALENs, or CRISPR-Cas9. The programmable nuclease is used to induce a double-strand break in the DNA, while the repair is left to the plant cell itself, and mistakes are introduced, while the cell is repairing the double-strand break using the relatively error-prone NHEJ pathway. From a biological point of view, it could be considered as a form of targeted mutagenesis. We first discuss improvements and new technical variants for SDN-1, in particular employing CRISPR-Cas, and subsequently explore the effectiveness of targeted deletions that eliminate the function of a gene, as an approach to generate novel traits useful for improving agricultural sustainability, including disease resistances. We compare them with examples of deletions that resulted in novel functionality as known from crop domestication and classical mutation breeding (both using radiation and chemical mutagens). Finally, we touch upon regulatory and access and benefit sharing issues regarding the plants produced.

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Section: Regulatory and Ip Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%