New developments in brain research of internet and gaming disorder

Weinstein, Aviv; Livny, Abigail; Weizman, Abraham

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.040

Cited by 188 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Internet and gaming addiction, currently defined as impulse control disorder [24], have both been associated with abnormal prefrontal activity at rest [24]. In a recent review by Weinstein and colleagues the neural mechanisms underlying internet and gaming addiction have been suggested to closely resemble the neuropathology of substance addiction [31]. Reduced gray and white matter volume have been repeatedly found in the prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the supplementary motor area of subjects with internet and gaming addiction; changes that correlated with the duration of the disorder [24] [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent review by Weinstein and colleagues the neural mechanisms underlying internet and gaming addiction have been suggested to closely resemble the neuropathology of substance addiction [31]. Reduced gray and white matter volume have been repeatedly found in the prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the supplementary motor area of subjects with internet and gaming addiction; changes that correlated with the duration of the disorder [24] [31]. We thus measured right prefrontal activity to establish whether sensitive neuronal changes occur in association with heavy smartphone usage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSmartphone usage is now integral to human behavior. Recent studies associate extensive usage with a range of debilitating effects. We sought to determine whether excessive usage is accompanied by measurable neural, cognitive and behavioral changes.MethodSubjects lacking previous experience with smartphones (n = 35) were compared to a matched group of heavy smartphone users (n = 16) on numerous behavioral and electrophysiological measures recorded using electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC). In a second longitudinal intervention, a randomly selected sample of the original non-users received smartphones for 3 months while the others served as controls. All measurements were repeated following this intervention.ResultsHeavy users showed increased impulsivity, hyperactivity and negative social concern. We also found reduced early TMS evoked potentials in the rPFC of this group, which correlated with severity of self-reported inattention problems. Heavy users also obtained lower accuracy rates than nonusers in a numerical processing. Critically, the second part of the experiment revealed that both the numerical processing and social cognition domains are causally linked to smartphone usage.ConclusionHeavy usage was found to be associated with impaired attention, reduced numerical processing capacity, changes in social cognition, and reduced right prefrontal cortex (rPFC) excitability. Memory impairments were not detected. Novel usage over short period induced a significant reduction in numerical processing capacity and changes in social cognition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, it has been noted that IGD subjects are associated with failures in controlling the desire for playing online games (Lin et al, 2015a). Numerous imaging studies have found impaired executive control ability in IGD subjects (Dong and Zhou, 2010; Dong et al, 2010, 2011b, 2012a, 2014b, 2015, 2017b; Dong and Potenza, 2014; Weinstein and Lejoyeux, 2015; Wang L. et al, 2016a,b; Wang Y. et al, 2016b; Weinstein et al, 2017), yet, the direct evidence for the impaired executive control ability in inhibiting craving for game-playing in the context of online gaming cues are still lacking (Ko et al, 2008, 2013; Han et al, 2010; Sun et al, 2012). Thus, the present study filled in the gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Brain Activities Associated with Craving and Cue Reactivity in People with Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence from the Comparison with Recreational Internet Game Users

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Although the neural substrates of cue reactivity in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have been examined in previous studies, most of these studies focused on the comparison between IGD subjects and healthy controls, which cannot exclude a potential effect of cue-familiarity. To overcome this limitation, the current study focuses on the comparison between IGD subjects and recreational Internet game users (RGU) who play online games recreationally but do not develop dependence. Data from 40 RGU and 30 IGD subjects were collected while they were performing an event-related cue reactivity task in the fMRI scanner. The results showed that the IGD subjects were associated with enhanced activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and decreased activation in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right precuneus, left precentral gyrus and right postcentral gyrus in comparison with the RGU subjects. OFC is involved in reward evaluation and ACC is implicated in executive control function based on previous researches. Moreover, the activation of OFC were correlated with the desire for game-playing. Thus, the higher activation in OFC might suggests high desire for game playing, and the lower activation in ACC might indicates impaired ability in inhibiting the urge to gaming-related stimuli in IGD subjects. Additionally, decreased activation in the precuneus, the precentral and postcentral gyrus may suggest the deficit in disentangling from game-playing stimuli. These findings explain why IGD subjects develop dependence on game-playing while RGU subjects can play online games recreationally and prevent the transition from voluntary game-playing to eventually IGD.

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“…Moreover, medial prefrontal cortex is also connected with reward centres, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Internet gaming is associated with dopamine release similar in magnitude to that of drugs of abuse and lower dopamine transporter and dopamine D 2 receptor occupancy indicating subsensitivity of dopamine reward mechanisms [37]. Decreases in D 2 receptors in response to drugs are proportional to dopamine increases [38].…”

Section: Altered Reward Circuitry In the Addicted Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Internet Addiction on Mental Health: An Integrative Therapy Is Needed

Tripathi¹

2018

Integr Med Int

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In the past few years internet addiction (IA) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) have become very frequent, leading to many personality and psychiatric disorders including low self-esteem, impulsivity, poor sleep quality, mood disorder, and suicide. IA has been included in Appendix III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as IGD. In addition, IA leads to many neuroanatomical and neurochemical alterations including cortical thinning of various components of the brain and altered dopaminergic reward circuitry. Due to widespread neuropsychiatric and neurobiological implications of IA, multiple therapeutic approaches are needed. Integrative therapy in the form of yoga and mindfulness has proven to be effective in many addiction disorders including IA.

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New developments in brain research of internet and gaming disorder

Cited by 188 publications

References 103 publications

Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse

Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse

Altered Brain Activities Associated with Craving and Cue Reactivity in People with Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence from the Comparison with Recreational Internet Game Users

Impact of Internet Addiction on Mental Health: An Integrative Therapy Is Needed

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