New developments in block polymerization

Jérôme, Robert; Fayt, Roger; Ouhadi, T.

doi:10.1016/0079-6700(84)90001-7

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…The monomers that are susceptible to anionic polymerization are those that can form stable carbanionic species under polymerization conditions. The most studied monomers are styrenic, dienic, and also cyclic that can react with nucleophiles leading to ring opening 1, 2, 14, 15. The double bond must have substituents that can stabilize the negative charge, by charge withdrawing making the anions stable to possible nucleophilic attack from other species.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Anionic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic polymerization: High vacuum techniques

Hadjichristidis

Iatrou

Pispas

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

546

142

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Anionic polymerization is a powerful tool for the synthesis of a variety of model materials with well‐defined molecular characteristics. However specially designed apparatuses and appropriate high vacuum techniques are needed in order to exclude from the reaction environment all reactive contaminants with the anionic centers. This review describes the basic principles of anionic polymerization as well as detailed experimental methods for the purification of the reagents usually used for the synthesis of model polymeric materials. In addition a few examples of the synthesis of polymers with complex architecture are given. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3211–3234, 2000

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Section: Fundamentals Of Anionic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic polymerization: High vacuum techniques

Hadjichristidis

Iatrou

Pispas

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

546

142

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“…The range of the basic properties available from a family of monomers depends essentially on the ability to orient them to well-defined macromolecular characteristics. The possibility of designing optimal material properties by using the appropriate graft or block structures suggests a tremendous commercial potential and both block and graft copolymers have achieved considerable industrial importance 1) . Functional polymers are of interest for the synthesis of block and graft copolymers, model networks and interpenetrating networks which are appreciated for their original properties in relation to either a well defined molecular structure or a particular multiphase morphology [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced synthesis and reactions of stable-radical-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate)

Düz

Önen

Yaǧcı³

1998

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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“…Nevertheless, the chain ends can be quantitatively neutralized by using an excess of tetravalent metal alkoxide, e.g., one metal per chain end or two metals per linear chain (eq 1). The association of the chain ends into multi--COOH + Ti(OR)4 -~*COO-Ti(OR)3 + ROH (1) I 21 + H20 --C00-Ti(0R)2-0-Ti(0R)2-00C-+ 2ROH (2) II nX + mXX + xHzO --iji oxo hydroxides;--OOCwv. )^^+ /ROH (3) / 3/?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As tetravalent metal-carboxylate bonds are essentially covalent, they are practically insensitive toward water and alcohol, which explains the synthesis of representative halato-telechelic polymers through the pathway described by eq 1-3. In conclusion, the neutralization of , -dicarboxylic acid polymers by an excess of tetravalent metal alkoxides is quite attractive because thermoreversibly cross-linked polymers are prepared without bothering about avoiding water, which in fact is now a required reagent, and without necessarily removing the alcohol formed as the reaction subproduct (eq [1][2][3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halato-telechelic polymers. 11. Viscoelastic behavior of .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylatopolybutadiene based on group 4 metal ions

Broze¹,

Jérôme²,

Teyssié³

et al. 1985

Macromolecules

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In nonpolar solvents, , -alkaline and -alkaline-earth dicarboxylatopolybutadiene (Mn 4600) leads to gel formation at concentrations as low as 1.5 g dL_1. However, any polar additive, i.e., water or alcohol, has a depressive effect on the metal-carboxylate association and the resulting gelation. The use of group 4 metal ions is an efficient way to overcome this drawback. Cross-linking of the car boxy-telechelic polymer is then promoted by a group 4 metal (Ti, Zr, Ce) alkoxide used in excess vs. the acid end groups. When the unreacted alkoxide groups are hydrolyzed into metal oxoalkoxide groupings, the gelation occurs in the presence of the alcohol formed as a byproduct and the required humidity of the medium. Cross-linking efficiency depends on the size of the group 4 cation just like in the series of alkaline and alkaline-earth cations. The deformation mechanism is controlled by the stability of the metal-carboxylate bonds and by the mean number of chain ends attached to the metal oxide aggregates. In this respect, excess alkoxide is a key parameter to impart to the solutions a broader range of rheological properties. Viscous solutions are observed at a metal-to-chain molar ratio of 0.5, whereas increasing excess of metal alkoxide is responsible for a shear-thickening behavior and finally for elastic gels.

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New developments in block polymerization

Cited by 29 publications

References 222 publications

Anionic polymerization: High vacuum techniques

Anionic polymerization: High vacuum techniques

Photoinduced synthesis and reactions of stable-radical-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate)

Halato-telechelic polymers. 11. Viscoelastic behavior of .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylatopolybutadiene based on group 4 metal ions

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