New developments and future perspectives of gaseous detectors

Titov, M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.07.022

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Collectively named Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD), the new structures are already used in many experimental setups, and are currently the subject of extensive research [8,9]. The present note describes the development and applications of one of these innovative devices, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), invented by the author in 1997 [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gas electron multiplier (GEM): Operating principles and applications

Sauli

2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

332

206

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a b s t r a c tIntroduced by the author in 1997, The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) constitutes a powerful addition to the family of fast radiation detectors; originally developed for particle physics experiments, the device and has spawned a large number of developments and applications; a web search yields more than 400 articles on the subject. This note is an attempt to summarize the status of the design, developments and applications of the new detector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gas electron multiplier (GEM): Operating principles and applications

Sauli

2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

332

206

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“…Reviews of applications of micro-pattern detectors in high energy physics and astrophysics can be found in several papers (see for example [25,26]). Basically, they are used as high position resolution detectors in various charged particle tracking devices including TPCs and recorders of the micro tracks produced by photoelectrons in some polarimeter designs.…”

Section: Micro-pattern Photodetectors and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in micro-pattern gaseous detectors and their applications

Peskov

2009

2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces

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In the last decade, several new imaging gaseous detectors, called "micro-pattern gaseous detectors", have been conceived and rapidly developed. In this paper, the most popular designs of these detectors and their applications to high energy physics and astrophysics experiments will be described. The main focus of this review will however be on the ongoing activities on practical applications of micropattern detectors to medicine and industry Micro-Pattern Gaseous DetectorsAt the end of the last century, the main imaging gaseous detector, widely used in various scientific researches and applications, was the multi-wired proportional chamber (MWPC) invented in 1968 by G. Charpak [1]. This detector was able to obtain fast electronic images of photons and tracks of elementary charged particles with a 1-D position resolution better than 100 μm. For this great invention, which really revolutionized the detection technique, G. Charpak was awarded in 1992 with the Nobel Prize in physics. However, the triumph of the MWPCs did not last very long. In the beginning of 1990, a new breakthrough happened in the technology of gaseous detectors as a result of the efforts of several teams, the so-called micro-pattern gaseous detectors were developed.These novel detectors are characterized by the following two features: 1) the gap between the anode and the cathode electrodes is usually very small, sometimes smaller than 50 μm, 2) the electrode structures are manufactured via microelectronic technology enabling to achieve a very high granularity and thus a position resolution much better than in the case of the MWPCs.Nowadays, there exist quite a lot of various designs of micro-pattern detectors; which can roughly classified into four categories: strip-type, dot-type, hole-type and a parallelplate type. A detailed description of these detectors can be found in several review articles, see for example [2,3]; we would like to focus in this paper only on the most popular designs of today: the hole-and the parallel-plate-types.In a few words, the hole-type detector is a dielectric sheet metalized on both sides in which an array of holes are etched (Figure 1). If a voltage drop V is applied across the metalized surfaces, the field lines will exhibit a focusing effect inside the holes as shown in Figure 2, whereas a very high electric field can be created in this region so that at some critical value of V (V>Vc) the avalanche multiplication of primary electrons happens. This effect was first demonstrated in [4]; later, glass capillary plates were developed [5] and finally F. Sauli suggested a very elegant version of the hole-type detector in which the dielectric sheet was manufactured from a 50 μm thick Kapton [6]. He named this detector: Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM).This latter modification allowed the production of large-area detectors of various shapes. GEM detectors offer very good position resolutions: about 50 µm for photons and even better for tracks of charged particles. For applications requiring modest position resolu...

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“…It can form hybrid pixel detectors with semiconducting sensors bump-bonded to the chip. Another possibility is to use it in a gaseous environment and to couple it with micropattern electron amplification structures like Micromegas or GEM that allows detection of individual primary electrons [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the bottom, a heating element rests on its support plate. Example of a THL DAC scan showing the regions where the test pulse amplitude is below threshold (1) and in transition(2). When the pulse is above threshold the scan reaches the nominal number of counts (3) before arriving at the noise pedestal x p (4).…”

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confidence: 99%