New Developmentalism, Public Policies, and Regional Inequalities in Brazil: The Advances and Limitations of Lula’s and Dilma’s Governments

Abstract

Considered from the perspective of new developmentalism, the implementation of regional development policies under the Lula and Dilma governments was limited. The recovery of state activity was accompanied by the maintenance of macroeconomic policies characterized as neoliberal. In this context, social and sectoral policies had important impacts on the poorer regions in which economic and social problems are concentrated, but they were not focused on reducing regional inequalities and therefore did not substantially change the historically high level of those inequalities. Considerada da perspectiva do novo desenvolvimentismo, a implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento regional sob os governos Lula e Dilma era limitada. A recuperação da atividade estatal foi acompanhada pela manutenção de políticas macroeconômicas caracterizadas como neoliberais. Nesse contexto, as políticas sociais e setoriais tiveram impactos importantes nas regiões mais pobres nas quais os problemas econômicos e sociais estão concentrados, mas não se concentraram na redução das desigualdades regionais e, portanto, não alteraram substancialmente o nível historicamente alto dessas desigualdades.

Institutionalizing Populist Power Coalitions in Latin America: Argentina’s Economic and Social Council and Brazil’s Council for Economic and Social Development

“…The economic and social councils studied endeavored to create an institutional framework for a new matrix of tripartite coordination whose objective was development, relying on the representative socioeconomic organizations. In light of the results of neodevelopmentalism in Brazil (Munck, 2015;Cardozo and Martins, 2020) and in spite of the significant social advances, it is clear that the Brazilian council did not contribute to such a model, even by overrepresenting the industrial sectors. With or without councils, the internal and industrial market model could not be furthered by any progressive government in the region, demonstrating the limits of this proposal in the context of the hierarchical market economy (Schneider, 2009) and dependent status in the global market (Munck and Sankey, 2020;Farthing and Fabricant, 2018;Caria andDomínguez, 2016, Treacy, 2022).…”

“…In spite of the differences mentioned, in the first decades of the twentyfirst century the governments of Brazil (2003Brazil ( -2016 and Argentina (2003Argentina ( -2015 shared a neodevelopmentalist project led by the state (Ebenau, 2014;Munck, 2015). Although the neoliberal proposals have displayed limits in both Brazil (Cardozo and Martins, 2020) and Argentina (Féliz, 2019), both governments sought the support of a broad social coalition that would allow them to overcome the negative complementarities of the hierarchical market economies. The current Fernández administration assumed the same path.…”

Políticas públicas de desenvolvimento

“…As políticas de Desenvolvimento são instrumentos que rejeitam os preceitos Neoliberais, sendo então características de intervenção do Estado para o equilíbrio da balança, buscando crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento nacional com distribuição mais igualitária (Cardozo & Martins, 2020) Como já evidenciado por Theis (2019), uma medida para combater as disparidades regionais é a intervenção do Estado:…”

“…Ao que se entende até aqui, políticas de Desenvolvimento são instrumentos que rejeitam os preceitos Neoliberais, sendo então características de intervenção do Estado para o equilíbrio da balança, buscando crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento nacional com distribuição mais igualitária. (Cardozo & Martins, 2020).…”

Collaborative network of SMEs innovation projects: influence of scientific and technological institutions

“…Innovation has been studied as a key factor in the development of countries and regions (Leydesdorff, 2012;Leydesdorff & Etzkowitz, 1996;Mazzucato & Semieniuk, 2017). Continental countries, such as Brazil, tend to present different levels of development in their different regions, linked to their production matrixes and their environmental characteristics that historically can create an economic dependence on traditional and less innovative sectors in less developed regions (Beramendi & Rogers, 2021;Cardozo & Martins, 2020). Furthermore, especially in the less developed regions of the Global South, innovation processes are still incipient and depend on regional and local dynamics and political incentives to improve the innovative environment (Ndabeni, Rogerson & Booyens, 2016;Pinho & Fernandes, 2015).…”