“…Recently, with the processive development of new directions and demands in geotechnical engineering, especially marine geotechnical engineering, many international research institutions (e.g., University of British Columbia, Georgia Institute of Technology, Delft University, and Southeast University) and professional in situ test instrument development companies (e.g., Hogentogler, Vertek, ConeTec, and Furgo Corporation) have developed new sensors for CPTU. These new CPTU sensors promote the CPTU test method to develop in the direction of multi-functionality [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24], which further broadens the application field of the CPTU. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a common CPTU.…”