New detections of chestnut blight in Great Britain during 2019–2020 reveal high <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> diversity and limited spread of the disease

Romon-Ochoa, Pedro; Orlović, Jelena Kranjec; Gorton, Caroline; Lewis, Alex; Linde, Sietse van der; Pérez‐Sierra, A.

doi:10.1111/ppa.13523

Cited by 12 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Dutech et al (2012) found that C. parasitica in Italy was introduced from North America and from there, it spread to other western European regions. However, human-mediated activities, such as the import of chestnut-planting materials from other regions, could have introduced more genotypes [73]. For example, a French cultivar, Bouche de Bétizac, was introduced to South Tyrol because it is resistant to the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus, which invaded South Tyrol in 2008 [74,75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Ahmad

Baric

2022

Forests

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Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, is one of the most important pathogens of forest trees. In Europe, mycovirus-mediated biocontrol is the most efficient method to control the disease but can be impeded by the lack of information about the population structure of the fungus within a region. In particular, sexual reproduction and the new introduction of the pathogen can complicate biocontrol strategies. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the population structure of C. parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, in the northern Italian region of South Tyrol, using eleven multilocus microsatellite markers. Fifty-one haplotypes were found across South Tyrol, belonging to three divergent clusters. Recombinant genotypes demonstrated that sexual reproduction occurs across the different clusters. The most dominant genotypes in the region were also the most dominant in neighboring areas, such as Switzerland, northern Italy and France. All of the clusters from South Tyrol were related to the Italian genotype pool and are thought to have been introduced from northern Italian and other European populations due to naturally occurring gene flow or human-mediated introduction. At least three separate introduction events of C. parasitica might have happened in South Tyrol that could be separated by time. This study demonstrated a high genetic diversity of C. parasitica in South Tyrol and helped to shed light on the sexual reproduction and introduction events in the local populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Ahmad

Baric

2022

Forests

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“…Two CHV1 strains were tested: CHV1-M2273 haplotype E-5, and CHV1-M2357 haplotype L-18, previously horizontally transmitted to the British fungal isolates FTC687, WAP706, and POWP709 by coculture of virus-infected donor and recipient fungal isolates on a PDA plate (9 cm in diameter) as described previously [23]. On the other hand, three non-infected virulent British fungal isolates were used: FTC687 (isolated in 2021 from London), WAP706, and POWP709 (both isolated in 2021 from Devon) [24], belonging to the EU-10, and EU-9 VC groups respectively.…”

Section: Viral and Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 Accumulation and Recovery within Its Fungal Host, the Chestnut Blight Pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica

Romon-Ochoa

Smith

Lewis

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Biological control of Cryphonectria parasitica fungus, the causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) is an effective control strategy against chestnut blight in Europe and some parts of North America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) type species of the Hypoviridae family. In this study, the CHV1 virus was studied within some highly infected British isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica, gained in the past through co-culture transmissions. The effects of six temperatures (5–30 °C, in 5 °C steps) on six infected isolates (three with viral strain E-5, and other three with viral strain L-18) and their respective negative non-infected controls, three isogenic virulent fungal isolates, were examined. Experiments were performed with the nine isolate types with three replicates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with cellophane sheets per isolate and temperature. A recently developed rapid, specific, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) screening method was used. This enabled quantifying the concentration (nanograms per microliter or copy numbers) of the virus within each isolate repetition. The presence of the virus had a significant negative effect between 20 and 25 °C on the C. parasitica growth rate, which was anyway highly influenced by and positively correlated with the temperature. The temperature clearly determined the virus accumulation and its recovery from cold or heat, and the virus optimum temperature was estimated at 15–25 °C.

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“…The pathogen was apparently eradicated after the first findings in 2011, then newly recorded in 2016; it was suggested that C. parasitica has been introduced to the UK multiple times over at least two decades through international plant trade (Perez-Sierra et al, 2019).According to EPPO (online_b), the pathogen is present in the UK with restricted distribution. During surveys held in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 Cryphonectria parasitica was detected in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, London, West Sussex, Jersey and Guernsey(Perez-Sierra et al, 2019;Romon-Ochoa et al, 2022; EPPO, online_c; Forestry Commission, online).According to the Dossier Section 5.0, Cryphonectria parasitica is present, not widely distributed and under official control in Great Britain. It is present in central and southern England.…”

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confidence: 99%

Commodity risk assessment of Acer platanoides plants from the UK

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by plants of Acer platanoides imported from the United Kingdom (UK) as: (a) 1‐ to 7‐year‐old bare root plants for planting, (b) 1‐ to 7‐year‐old plants in pots and (c) bundles of 1‐ to 2‐year‐old whips and seedlings, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the UK. All pests associated with the commodity were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. Six EU quarantine pests and four pests not regulated in the EU fulfilled all relevant criteria and were selected for further evaluation. For the selected pests, the risk mitigation measures implemented in the technical dossier from the UK were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For these pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with Meloidogyne mali or M. fallax being the pest most frequently expected on the imported plants. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated with 95% certainty that 9,792 or more plants in pots per 10,000 will be free from Meloidogyne mali or M. fallax.

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New detections of chestnut blight in Great Britain during 2019–2020 reveal high Cryphonectria parasitica diversity and limited spread of the disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Temperature Effects on the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 Accumulation and Recovery within Its Fungal Host, the Chestnut Blight Pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica

Commodity risk assessment of Acer platanoides plants from the UK

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