New design chart for geotechnical ground improvement: characterizing cement-stabilized sand

Wei, Xiao; Ku, Taeseo

doi:10.1007/s11440-019-00838-2

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In stabilized sands, the cement content usually varies by around 10% owing to the target strength of the sand–cement [ 32 , 33 ]. In this study, 10% cement concentration (by weight of the sand) was also utilized in order to fabricate CSS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Multifunctional Cementitious-Based Geocomposite by the Contribution of CNT and GNP

2021

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In this study, a self-sensing cementitious stabilized sand (CSS) was developed by the incorporation of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) based on the piezoresistivity principle. For this purpose, different concentrations of CNTs and GNPs (1:1) were dispersed into the CSS, and specimens were fabricated using the standard compaction method with optimum moisture. The mechanical and microstructural, durability, and piezoresistivity performances, of CSS were investigated by various tests after 28 days of hydration. The results showed that the incorporation of 0.1%, 0.17%, and 0.24% CNT/GNP into the stabilized sand with 10% cement caused an increase in UCS of about 65%, 31%, and 14%, respectively, compared to plain CSS. An excessive increase in the CNM concentration beyond 0.24% to 0.34% reduced the UCS by around 13%. The addition of 0.1% CNMs as the optimum concentration increased the maximum dry density of the CSS as well as leading to optimum moisture reduction. Reinforcing CSS with the optimum concentration of CNT/GNP improved the hydration rate and durability of the specimens against severe climatic cycles, including freeze–thaw and wetting–drying. The addition of 0.1%, 0.17%, 0.24%, and 0.34% CNMs into the CSS resulted in gauge factors of about 123, 139, 151, and 173, respectively. However, the Raman and X-ray analysis showed the negative impacts of harsh climatic cycles on the electrical properties of the CNT/GNP and sensitivity of nano intruded CSS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Multifunctional Cementitious-Based Geocomposite by the Contribution of CNT and GNP

2021

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“…The approach shows that the random variation in permeability in cement-admixed soil can be considered in a rational manner based on first principles, which may better predict the settlement of cement-admixed clays undergoing 1D consolidation. Although the focus of this study is on cement-admixed clays, it may be applied to assess the final permeability of cement-admixed sands [55], where the variation in permeability with binder content is likely to be even greater. This is likely to be crucial, for instance, in scenarios where overlapping cement-admixed sand columns are used as seepage cut-off walls in locations with permeable soil and high groundwater table.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for modelling spatial variability in permeability of cement-admixed soil

Kek

Pan

et al. 2021

Acta Geotech.

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This paper presents a framework for modelling the random variation in permeability in cement-admixed soil based on the binder content variation and thereby relating the coefficient of permeability to the unconfined compressive strength of a cement-admixed clay. The strength–permeability relationship was subsequently implemented in random finite element method (RFEM). The effects of spatial variation in both strength and permeability of cement-admixed clays in RFEM is illustrated using two examples concerning one-dimensional consolidation. Parametric studies considering different coefficient of variation and scale of fluctuation configurations were performed. Results show that spatial variability of the cement-admixed clay considering variable permeability can significantly influence the overall consolidation rate, especially when the soil strength variability is high. However, the overall consolidation rates also depend largely on the prescribed scales of fluctuation; in cases where the variation is horizontally layered, stagnation in pore pressure dissipation may occur due to soft parts yielding.

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“…Since, in sand stabilisation, the cement content usually varies by approximately 10% owing to the target strength of the sand–cement [ 38 , 39 ], in this study, 10% cement (by the weight of the dry sand) was also utilized for SCG preparation. Based on the literature [ 3 , 21 , 40 ], the optimum water content for the CNM-reinforced stabilised sand with similar cement content and sand grading was around 7%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electrodes Layout and Filler Scale on Percolation Threshold and Piezoresistivity Performances of a Cementitious-Based Geocomposite

2022

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An extensive experimental study was conducted to investigate the co-effects of surface area and distance between electrodes as well as filler scales on the percolation threshold of piezoresistive cement-stabilised sand. In this route, the electrical resistivity of numerous specimens of different sizes and composed of different content of carbon-based conductive fillers was measured, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and carbon fibres (CFs) with different aspect ratios. In addition, the numerical relations between the electrical percolation threshold and matrix dimensions were expressed for different conductive fillers. Furthermore, the electrical percolation threshold of two large-scale specimens with different shapes (a 10 × 10 × 85 cm3 beam, and a 15 cm size cube) were predicted through numerical relations, and their piezoresistivity performances were investigated under compression cyclic loading (cube) and flexural cyclic loading (beam). The mechanical properties of the specimens were also evaluated. The results showed that the changes in the length, width, and thickness of the matrix surrounded between electrodes had a significant effect on the electrical percolation threshold. However, the effects of length changes on the percolation threshold were greater than the width and thickness changes. Generally, increasing the aspect ratio of the conductive fillers caused a reduction in the electrical percolation threshold of the cementitious geocomposite. The appropriate piezoresistivity response of the large-scale specimens composed of filler content equal to their percolation threshold (obtained by the numerical relation presented in this study) showed the adequacy of the results in terms of threshold dosage prediction and self-sensing geocomposite design. The results of this study addressed a crucial factor for the design of self-sensing composites and pave the way for the development of field-applicable, smart, cementitious geocomposite.

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New design chart for geotechnical ground improvement: characterizing cement-stabilized sand

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Development of a Novel Multifunctional Cementitious-Based Geocomposite by the Contribution of CNT and GNP

Development of a Novel Multifunctional Cementitious-Based Geocomposite by the Contribution of CNT and GNP

An approach for modelling spatial variability in permeability of cement-admixed soil

Effects of Electrodes Layout and Filler Scale on Percolation Threshold and Piezoresistivity Performances of a Cementitious-Based Geocomposite

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