NEW DELHI India steps up anti-tobacco measures

Kumar, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74536-0

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Drivers who entered the industry before 18 complete years of age were termed adolescent entrants, while those who entered the industry at 18 complete years of age or older were termed adult entrants. The cutoff age of 18 years was chosen because it is the legal age of adulthood in India, when people are expected to be mature enough to be given important rights such as the right to vote22 or the right to consume tobacco products 23,24…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India

Mishra

Dube²,

Saggurti³

et al. 2012

HIV

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This study examines the relationship between entry into the trucking industry during adolescence and both sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among long-distance truck drivers in India. Data were sourced from a cross-sectional survey (sample size: 2066) undertaken in 2007 among long-distance truck drivers. The survey spread across major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India’s transport volume along four routes. Participants were interviewed about sexual behaviors and were tested for HIV and STIs. The present authors constructed two synthetic cohorts based on the participants’ duration of employment in the trucking industry: (1) low (duration ≤ 6 years) and (2) high experience (duration ≥ 7 years). Based on age at entry into the trucking industry, participants were termed as either adolescent (age at entry < 18 complete years) or adult entrants (age at entry ≥ 18 complete years). In the low-experience cohort, the adolescent entrants were more likely than the adult entrants to have sex with paid female partners (42.6% versus 27.2%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.9) and to practice inconsistent condom use with such partners (69.1% versus 26.8%, respectively; adjusted OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 2.4–11.6). However, no significant differences were found in STI and HIV prevalence between the adolescent and the adult entrants in this cohort. In the high-experience cohort, the adolescent entrants were about two times more likely than the adult entrants to practice inconsistent condom use with paid female partners (38.5% versus 26.7%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) and to test positive for HIV (7.4% versus 4.0%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.1) and syphilis (5.7% versus 3.5%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.1). These results suggest the need for focused behavioral change programs in HIV prevention interventions for adolescent truckers in India and elsewhere.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India

Mishra

Dube²,

Saggurti³

et al. 2012

HIV

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“…16 Tobacco consumption annual growth rate is 2% to 3%. 17,18 Smoked form was consumed by 14% of the population. 19 On an average, Indians smoked about 6.2 cigarettes per day; this is the lowest of all countries, but among women, although the prevalence of cigarette smoking was less, the mean cigarettes per day were quite high, about 7, higher than the average of men, which was 6.1.…”

Section: Patterns and Prevalence Of Tobacco Use In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Control in India

Mohan

Lando

Panneer

2018

Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine

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Databases searched include PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar using key words tobacco use in India, cigarettes, beedis, smokeless tobacco, tobacco control, and legislation policies, and wide probability of these words was used in a variety of combinations. Reports of Government of India and World Health Organization (WHO), news reports from Web sites, names of individual states in India were used with the above key words to obtain state-specific information. The

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“…Recent shifts in global tobacco consumption indicate that an estimated 930 million of the world's 1.1 billion smokers live in developing countries,2 with 182 million in India alone 3. By 2020 tobacco consumption has been projected to account for 13% of all deaths in India 1 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey

Subramanian

Nandy

Kelly³

et al. 2004

BMJ

195

139

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Objective To investigate the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical distribution of tobacco consumption in India. Design Multilevel cross sectional analysis of the 1998-9 Indian national family health survey of 301 984 individuals in 92 447 households in 3215 villages in 440 districts in 26 states. Setting Indian states. Participants 301 984 adults ( ≥ 18 years). Main outcome measures Dichotomous variable for smoking and chewing tobacco for each respondent (1 if yes, 0 if no) as well as a combined measure of whether an individual smokes, chews tobacco, or both. Results Smoking and chewing tobacco are systematically associated with socioeconomic markers at the individual and household level. Individuals with no education are 2.69 times more likely to smoke and chew tobacco than those with postgraduate education. Households belonging to the lowest fifth of a standard of living index were 2.54 times more likely to consume tobacco than those in the highest fifth. Scheduled tribes (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.29) and scheduled castes (1.19, 1.16 to 1.23) were more likely to consume tobacco than other caste groups. The socioeconomic differences are more marked for smoking than for chewing tobacco. Socioeconomic markers and demographic characteristics of individuals and households do not account fully for the differences at the level of state, district, and village in smoking and chewing tobacco, with state accounting for the bulk of the variation in tobacco consumption. Conclusion The distribution of tobacco consumption is likely to maintain, and perhaps increase, the current considerable socioeconomic differentials in health in India. Interventions aimed at influencing change in tobacco consumption should consider the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of people's susceptibility to consume tobacco.

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NEW DELHI India steps up anti-tobacco measures

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India

The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India

Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Control in India

Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey

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