New data on <i>Homocladus grandis</i>, a Permian stem-mantodean (Polyneoptera: Dictyoptera)

Béthoux, Olivier; Beckemeyer, Roy J.; Engel, Michael S.; Hall, Joseph D.

doi:10.1666/09-121.1

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This is supported by the identification of several members of the "Protorthoptera" from the Upper Carboniferous (e.g. †Mesoptilus dolloi and †Homocladus grandis) as potential stemgroup-Mantodea (Béthoux & Wieland 2009;Béthoux et al 2010). …”

Section: Early Evolution Of Lifestylementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Among them are Giebel (1862), Handlirsch (1906Handlirsch ( -1908Handlirsch ( , 1937Handlirsch ( , 1938, Cockerell (1908Cockerell ( , 1955, Klebs (1910), Zeuner (1931), Sharov (1962), Hennig (1966Hennig ( , 1969, Beier (1967), Harz (1980), Gratshev & Zherikhin (1993), Nel & Roy (1996), Grimaldi (1997Grimaldi ( , 2003Grimaldi ( , 2008, Ehrmann (1999Ehrmann ( , 2002, Vršanský (2002Vršanský ( , 2005, Zherikhin (2002), Grimaldi & Engel (2005), Zompro (2005), Gorochov (2006), Béthoux & Wieland (2009) and Béthoux et al (2010). The mantodean fossil record was poor when Beier (1964aBeier ( , 1968a published his synoptic works.…”

Section: Palaeontological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to Mantodea. See also Béthoux et al (2010) for further data on the wing venation of the †Homcladus grandis Carpenter, 1966, another putative stemgroup-mantodean that was studied re-investigated based on new specimens.…”

Section: Palaeontological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera)

Frank¹

2013

Species, Phylogeny and Evolution - SPE

205

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The first reconstruction of mantodean phylogeny using a large morphological dataset of the entire group is presented. 152 morphological characters were encoded for 122 species of Mantodea, encompassing all 15 currently recognized families, 34 of 48 subfamilies (71 %) and 33 of 46 tribus (72 %). Structures from the entire exoskeleton were studied, including characters that have been stated to be convergent developments before without data-based evidence. Fossils, behaviour and ontogenetic observations were used for the interpretation of structures and the discussion of evolutionary scenarios.Calculations resulted in 888 equally parsimonious trees (analysis I). Many characters were found to be highly homoplastic, resulting in consensus cladograms with low resolution except for many smaller distal clades. Characters were automatically reweighted (based on the Rescaled Consistency Index).Subsequent calculation (analysis II) resulted in 10 equally parsimonious trees, and the consensus cladogram was almost fully resolved. Most of the small monophyletic groups found in analysis I were recovered in analysis II.The resulting phylogenetic reconstruction supported the monophyly of five traditional families (Acanthopidae, Empusidae, Eremiaphilidae, Thespidae, and Toxoderidae; 33 %), of 11 subfamilies (Amorphoscelinae, Angelinae, Chroicopterinae, Empusinae, Haaniinae, Hymenopodinae, Oxypilinae, Paraoxypilinae, Perlamantinae, Toxoderinae, and Tropidomantinae; 32 % of the subfamilies studied) and of six tribus (Angelini, Chroicopterini, Idolomorphini, Oxypilini, Polyspilotini, and Rivetinini; 18 % of the tribus studied). The subgroups of Amorphoscelidae in the traditional sense clustered together in analysis II (not in analysis I), however the group encompassed Compsothespis (which is usually assumed to belong to Mantidae) as the sistergroup of Amorphoscelinae + Perlamantinae within Amorphoscelidae. The potential likeliness of this scenario was discussed in detail.Many structures have been shown to have evolved many times independently in Mantodea, most likely due to comparable selective pressures in the respective habitats. Among them are the head processes, lamellar expansions of the pronota, and lobes on the legs and on the abdomen. Furthermore, the metathoracic hearing organ ("cyclopean ear") evolved several times independently and possibly separately in males and females in some cases. Molecular studies have instead found evidence for a monophyletic neotropical earless taxon in the basal part of the phylogenetic tree. Thespidae was found to be monophyletic and to include Oligonicinae as well as Haaniinae, nested among the latter. The monophyly of Oligonicinae including Haaniinae is supported by their unique fore tibial morphology. This phylogenetic relationship implicates that the ear in Haaniinae originated independently form other taxa, as the group is nested among the earless Oligonicinae.Congruence between the morphological reconstruction of the phylogeny and the traditional classification was higher than that...

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Section: Early Evolution Of Lifestylementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Palaeontological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera)

Frank¹

2013

Species, Phylogeny and Evolution - SPE

205

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“…In addition, age estimates have been obtained from molecular phylogenies that have in some cases utilized taxonomically questionable fossils (e.g. wings; see discussion in Evangelista et al, 2017) as calibration points (Klass, 2001;Béthoux et al, 2010;Gorochov & Γopoxov, 2013;Hörnig et al, 2013;Legendre et al, 2015).…”

Section: Implications For the Origin Of Dictyopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Earliest record of fossil insect oothecae confirms the presence of crown‐dictyopteran taxa in the Late Triassic

Cariglino

Lara

Zavattieri

2020

Systematic Entomology

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Although dissimilar in their overall appearance and life habits, the praying mantises (Mantodea) and cockroaches (Blattodea, including their eusocial relatives, the termites [Isoptera]) are grouped within the clade Dictyoptera, based on – among other significant characteristics – the laying of eggs in a compound structure called an ootheca. The origin of the Dictyoptera and the currently recognized taxa within is, however, a controversial topic among entomologists. This has resulted from disparities in the divergence age estimates obtained from phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data together with the limited and controversial fossil evidence attributable to these groups. Here, we report two new oothecae ichnospecies found in a Carnian (237 to 227 mya. lowermost Upper Triassic) deposit from Argentina. Morphological comparisons and Scanning Electron Microscope and X‐ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses of fossil and extant oothecae of mantises and cockroaches were performed in an attempt to solve their systematic placement within Dictyoptera and fossil allies, such as †Alienoptera. In addition to being the earliest known record of oothecae, this discovery moves the origin of this specialized reproductive strategy back by 100 million years. As direct fossil evidence, these specimens provide an important calibration and reference point that can inform future research on the origins and timing of diversification of the Dictyoptera.

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“…In Blattoneoptera this fusion is usually so perfect that MA & R look falsely like a "single" vein. Note that in Orthoneoptera and Pleconeoptera MA always fuses basally with MP into a single stem of M. These subdivision-level differences in flight adaptations present in all extinct and extant representatives (Kukalova-Peck, 1996Haas & Kukalová-Peck, 2001) were not considered by Béthoux et al (2010). The hind wing (Figs 6B and C) has MA± diverging from RP, and a concave CuP-followed by a parallel concave (-) claval line, with both grooves running close together as in Endoneoptera, but not merging into one claval line as in Mantodea.…”

Section: Neoptera Hind Wings Bear Two Differently Constructed Remigiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Carboniferous †Adiphlebia lacoana really the "oldest beetle"? Critical reassessment and description of a new Permian beetle family

Kukalová-Peck¹,

Beutel²

2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Béthoux recently identified the species †Adiphlebia lacoana Scudder from the Carboniferous of Mazon Creek, Ill., USA as the oldest beetle. The fossils bear coriaceous tegmina with pseudo-veins allegedly aligned with "rows of cells" as they occur in Permian beetles and extant Archostemata. The examination of four new specimens of †Adiphlebia lacoana from the same locality revealed that the "cells" are in fact clumps of clay inside a delicate meshwork, and no derived features shared with Coleoptera or Coleopterida (= Coleoptera + Strepsiptera) were found. Instead, †Adiphlebia lacoana bears veinal fusions and braces similar to extant Neuroptera. These features support a placement in †Strephocladidae, and are also similar to conditions found in †Tococla-didae. These unplaced basal holometabolan families were erroneously re-analyzed as ancestral Mantodea and Orthoptera. Homologization of the wing pairs in neopteran lineages is updated and identification errors are corrected. A new Permian beetle family †Moravocoleidae [ †Protocoleoptera (= Permian Coleoptera with pointed unpaired ovipositor; e.g., †Tshekardocoleidae)] is described.

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New data on Homocladus grandis, a Permian stem-mantodean (Polyneoptera: Dictyoptera)

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera)

The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera)

Earliest record of fossil insect oothecae confirms the presence of crown‐dictyopteran taxa in the Late Triassic

Is the Carboniferous †Adiphlebia lacoana really the "oldest beetle"? Critical reassessment and description of a new Permian beetle family

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