New data for the Last Glacial Maximum in Great Britain and Ireland: a Scottish perspective on the paper by Bowen et al. (2002)

Hall, Adrian M.; Peacock, J. D.; Connell, E. Rodger

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(03)00121-5

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the assumed values of (50 kPa and 100 kPa) also imply that the ice sheet terminated on the shelf 10-20 km NW of Ward Hill. This is inconsistent with evidence that the last ice sheet extended northwestward across Orkney to terminate much farther out on the Atlantic shelf at the Otter Bank moraines (Stoker et al 1993;Hall et al 2003) or the edge of the West Shetland shelf (Bradwell et al 2008), at least 150 km NW of Hoy. Such evidence implies a much lower basal shear stress ( ) than assumed above, consistent with extension of a low-gradient ice stream across the shelf (cf.…”

Section: Altitude Of the Last Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…An alternative view is that the last ice sheet covered all Caithness and extended northwestwards across the Orkney Islands, reaching limits on the Atlantic shelf (e.g. Stoker & Holmes 1991;Stoker et al 1993;Ballantyne et al 1998;Hall et al 2003;Merritt et al 2003;Carr et al 2006;Bradwell et al 2008). This view is strongly supported by recent cosmogenic 10 Be exposure ages obtained from bedrock exposures and erratics in low-lying areas of Caithness and Orkney (Phillips et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The altitude of the last ice sheet in Caithness and east Sutherland, northern Scotland

Ballantyne

Hall

2008

SJG

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SynopsisOn the mountains of southern Caithness and east Sutherland, geomorphological evidence for the upper limit of glacial erosion implies that, at the last glacial maximum (LGM), warm-based erosive ice extended up to altitudes of 410-600 m. Above the upper limit of glacial erosion is a cover of frost-weathered detritus, with tors on conglomerate bedrock. Kaolinite and gibbsite in soils on such terrain imply that it escaped significant glacial erosion at the LGM. This is confirmed by cosmogenic 10 Be exposure ages of (>) 146.6 15.1 ka and (>) 178.2 18.1 ka obtained for summit tors; sites below the upper limit of glacial erosion yielded deglacial ages of 16.6 2.1 to 18.5 2.4 ka. It is unlikely that glacially unmodified summits represent LGM nunataks, as the implied ice thickness is inconsistent with an ice sheet that extended across high ground on Orkney onto the Atlantic shelf; under conservative assumptions at least 70 m of ice must have covered the highest ground in southern Caithness at the LGM. We infer that the absence of evidence for glacial erosion on some summits and plateaux reflects cover by cold-based ice, frozen to the underlying substrate, that preserved the underlying tors and blockfields. This inference calls into question the use of similar evidence in NW Scotland to identify the maximum altitude of the last ice sheet.

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Section: Altitude Of the Last Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The altitude of the last ice sheet in Caithness and east Sutherland, northern Scotland

Ballantyne

Hall

2008

SJG

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“…The easternmost limit of local tills in Caithness, largely represented by a line drawn between Reay and Berriedale, documents the flow of ice from the uplands of southern Caithness and Sutherland. Although this limit has been assigned previously to either the Aberdeen-Lammermuir Readvance (Sissons, 1967a) or the maximum limit of the last glaciation (Sutherland, 1984), there is no firm evidence to suggest that the local tills and shelly tills are not coeval and therefore record the junction of Caithness/Sutherland and Moray Firth ice at the LGM (Peach and Horne, 1881b;Hall and Whittington, 1989;Hall et al, 2002).…”

Section: Erratics and Till Lithologymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Good examples are the shelly tills of Orkney and Caithness (Peach andHorne, 1880, 1881a;Hall et al, 2002), northern Buchan/Spey Bay (Jamieson, 1906) and northwest Lewis (Geikie, 1873(Geikie, , 1878Baden-Powell, 1938). These deposits record the flow of glacier ice from an ice divide located over the outer Moray Firth (Hall and Whittington, 1989) when the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were coalescent (Sissons, 1965(Sissons, , 1967a.…”

Section: Erratics and Till Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain

Evans

Clark

Mitchell

2005

Earth-Science Reviews

126

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This paper reviews the evidence presently available (as at December 2003) in an effort to stimulate further research on the last British Ice Sheet and promote a reconstruction of ice sheet behaviour based on glacial geology and geomorphology. The wide range of evidence that has been scrutinized for inclusion on the glacial map is assessed with respect to the variability of its quality and quantity and the existing controversies in ice sheet reconstructions. Landforms interpreted as being of unequivocal ice-marginal origin (moraines, ice-contact glacifluvial landforms and lateral meltwater channels) and till sheet margins are used in conjunction with available chronological control to locate former glacier and ice-sheet margins throughout the last glacial cycle. Subglacial landforms (drumlins, flutings and eskers) have been used to demarcate former flow patterns within the ice sheet. The compilation of evidence in a regional map is crucial to any future reconstructions of palaeo-ice sheet dynamics and will provide a clearer understanding of ice sheet configuration, ice divide migration and ice thickness and coverage for the British Ice Sheet as it evolved through the last glacial cycle.2

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“…Although the concept of an independent ice dome over the Outer Hebrides is now widely accepted, controversy regarding the lateral and vertical extent of the ice sheet in NW Scotland remains (Figure 1) (eg. Sutherland, 1984;Stoker et al, 1993;Bowen et al, 2002;Hall et al, 2003;Stone & Ballantyne, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphological signature and flow dynamics of The Minch palaeo‐ice stream, northwest Scotland

Bradwell

Stoker

Larter

2007

J Quaternary Science

115

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New data for the Last Glacial Maximum in Great Britain and Ireland: a Scottish perspective on the paper by Bowen et al. (2002)

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

The altitude of the last ice sheet in Caithness and east Sutherland, northern Scotland

The altitude of the last ice sheet in Caithness and east Sutherland, northern Scotland

The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain

Geomorphological signature and flow dynamics of The Minch palaeo‐ice stream, northwest Scotland

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