New Cylindrical Equal Area and Conformal Map Projections of the Reference Ellipsoid for Local Applications

Abstract

Two new cylindrical map projections of the reference ellipsoid have been developed. The first cylindrical map projection possesses the property of preserving the areas of ellipsoidal surfaces. In other words, it is an "equal area cylindrical map projection of the reference ellipsoid". The origin of this map projection system can be placed at any point on the surface of the reference ellipsoid and as such the map projection could be ideal for localized applications, where minimum distortion is required. This map projection is recommended for implementation in Land Information Systems and/or cadastres, where the area of the land has to be preserved on the mapping surface. The second cylindrical map projection is conformal but, like the first map projection has the property that its origin can be placed at the point of interest. This property, which is common in both map projection systems, makes it possible that the centre of the map projection system be placed at the middle of geographical area of interest to minimize the distortion at that specific area. Besides, since the map projections have been developed for the reference ellipsoid it is possible to directly transfer the GPS coordinates into the mapping surface, which adds to the practical applications of the two map projections systems.

A Survey on 360-Degree Video: Coding, Quality of Experience and Streaming

“…The polar square projection [28,29] is another adaptation that works like the barrel projection, but maps the poles to two squares. There are other techniques to compensate for the pole oversampling issue: the equal-area cylindrical projection [30] reduces the height of the tiles with the latitude, while the latitude adaptive approach [31] adapts the number of tiles to the latitude. The result is also known as Rhombic Mapping (RBM) [32], since the tiles are arranged in a rhombic shape, which can then be rearranged onto a rectangle.…”

Proyección Cónica Equivalente de Albers: propiedades y aplicación para México

“…Con respecto al estudio de las deformaciones, los trabajos se encaminan a desarrollar métodos de cálculo de los valores de deformación de las proyecciones y la forma gráfica de su representación (Kirtiloglu, 2010;Battersby y Kessler, 2012;Oztug, 2015). Por su parte, las perspectivas dedicadas a la propuesta de nuevas proyecciones buscan reducir en la medida de lo posible las deformaciones; la tendencia es desarrollar proyecciones de manera visual (visually designed projections) con el uso de softwares, esta práctica permite que usuarios no profesionales en la materia puedan crear sus propias proyecciones; las proyecciones que se formulan se fundamentan en las desarrolladas matemáticamente y, generalmente, son resultado de la combinación de dos proyecciones (Alashaikh, et al, 2014;Jenny y Patterson, 2013), aunque siguen surgiendo nuevas con parámetros distintos (Šavrič, et al, 2011;Jenny, et al, 2011;Safari y Ardalan, 2007;Paterson, et al, 2015). Finalmente, otros estudios se están encaminando en proponer nuevas proyecciones para mapas desplegados en los visualizadores dinámicos de Internet; el argumento se centra en que la proyección de Mercator, empleada en la web, presenta desventajas en el manejo de la información a diferentes escalas (Šavrič y Jenny, 2014;Streben, 2016).…”

Techniques for developing resources to understand geographic and projected coordinate systems

“…Many studies have already emphasised the significance of reminding map users of distortions associated with maps (Iliffe 2000;Olson 2006). Moreover, one best projection for maps does not exist, and new ways of projecting the earth on 2D surfaces are still evolving (Jenny et al 2010;Safari & Ardalan 2007;Tobler 1986).…”

“…Moreover, the PDF document, unlike other platforms such as YouTube, provides animations and interactive 3D models in the same place. Since the earth can be projected on a flat surface in numerous ways and newer ways of projecting the earth on a flat surface are noted over time (Jenny et al 2010;Safari & Ardalan 2007), consequently, more emphasis is given to methods to create resources for the variety of map projections.…”