New Cross Section Data for Production of the Therapeutic Radionuclides 64Cu, 140Nd, and 192Ir

Abstract

For production of the therapeutic radionuclides 64 Cu, 140 Nd and 192 Ir new cross section data are reported, all measured using the stacked-foil technique. In the case of 64 Cu, the 66 Zn(d,α) 64 Cu reaction was investigated radiochemically over the energy range of 5 to 14 MeV using highly enriched target material. From the measured excitation function the thick target yield of 64 Cu was calculated as 6.6 MBq/µA·h. A comparison with other production routes is given. For production of 140 Nd, both nat Ce( 3 He,xn) 140 Nd and 141 Pr(p,2n) 140 Nd processes were studied. For the 141 Pr(p,2n) 140 Nd reaction the results are consistent with the literature data in the early rising part of the excitation function; at higher energies, however, our values differ considerably. The yields of 140 Nd via these reactions amount to 22 and 128 MBq/µA·h, respectively. The excitation function of the 192 Os(p,n) 192 Ir reaction was measured from 6 to 20 MeV and the yield of 192 Ir was calculated to be 0.16 MBq/µA·h.

Charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the emerging medically important positron emitter 64Cu: A comprehensive evaluation

“…The calculated results are consistent up to about 13 MeV; beyond that energy the STAPRE results, however, are rather low. In the threshold region the cross section values of Williams and Irvine [37] agree well with the nuclear model calculations, up to about 7 MeV, wheras those by Hilgers et al [33,34] show large deviations. In this case the recommendation of cross section data was entirely based on the nuclear model calculations.…”

“…In the literature three cross section measurements exist for this reaction [33,34,37]. Hilgers et al [33,34] used highly enriched 66 Zn as target, whereas cross section values given by Williams and Irvine [37] were extrapolated from the measurements on nat Zn.…”

“…The cross sections measured by using the value of 19% for the positron emission intensity [29,[33][34][35] were increased by 7% in view of the new value of 17.8%. The new value for γ -ray intensity (I γ = 0.54%, instead of 0.47%) necessitated a decrease of 15% for the cross section measurements done by detecting the weak 1346 keV γ -ray [27, 28, 30-32, 35, 39-41].…”

“…Hilgers et al [33,34] used highly enriched 66 Zn as target, whereas cross section values given by Williams and Irvine [37] were extrapolated from the measurements on nat Zn. The data sets by Hilgers et al [33,34] were adjusted for new decay data of 64 Cu, yet it provides too low cross sections, similar to the other measurements in the same experiment.…”

Neodymium-140 DOTA-LM3: Evaluation of an In Vivo Generator for PET with a Non-Internalizing Vector

“…The radionuclide 140 Nd is non-standard in radiopharmacy, but can be produced in a variety of methods: via ( p,2n ) reactions on naturally monoisotopic praseodymium-141 (11), 3 He bombardment of natural cerium (11–13), or by spallation processes on tantalum (14). Due to the relatively lower volatilization temperature of the rare earths (compared to tantalum), it is possible to extract the spallation-induced radiolanthanides by thermal diffusion and separate them by mass, e.g., at the on-line separator ISOLDE at CERN (15, 16).…”