New contraceptive choices across reproductive life

Foran, Terri

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05637.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The nature of the trade‐offs between multiple direct and indirect impacts associated with biofuels agriculture can inform the fundamental decision by policy‐makers at all levels – whether or not to provide the policy and institutional support required to develop a first‐generation biofuels industry (Bomb et al , 2007). In agreement with other Australian (Beer et al , 2003; O'Connell et al , 2007; Foran, 2009) and international studies (Randelli, 2009), the results of our landscape scale trade‐off analysis of first‐generation biofuels are equivocal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Biofuels agriculture: landscape‐scale trade‐offs between fuel, economics, carbon, energy, food, and fiber

2010

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First-generation biofuels are an existing, scalable form of renewable energy of the type urgently required to mitigate climate change. In this study, we assessed the potential benefits, costs, and trade-offs associated with biofuels agriculture to inform bioenergy policy. We assessed different climate change and carbon subsidy scenarios in an 11.9 million ha (5.48 million ha arable) region in southern Australia. We modeled the spatial distribution of agricultural production, full life-cycle net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy, and economic profitability for both food agriculture (wheat, legumes, sheep rotation) and biofuels agriculture (wheat, canola rotation for ethanol/ biodiesel production). The costs, benefits, and trade-offs associated with biofuels agriculture varied geographically, with climate change, and with the level of carbon subsidy. Below we describe the results in general and provide (in parentheses) illustrative results under historical mean climate and a carbon subsidy of A$20 t À1 CO 2 Àe .Biofuels agriculture was more profitable over an extensive area (2.85 million ha) of the most productive arable land and produced large quantities of biofuels (1.7 GLyr À1 ).Biofuels agriculture substantially increased economic profit (145.8 million $A yr À1 or 30%), but had only a modest net GHG abatement (À2.57 million t CO 2 Àe yr À1 ), and a negligible effect on net energy production (À0.11 PJ yr À1 ). However, food production was considerably reduced in terms of grain (À3.04 million t yr À1) and sheep meat (À1.89 million head yr À1 ). Wool fiber production was also substantially reduced (À23.19 kt yr À1 ).While biofuels agriculture can produce short-term benefits, it also has costs, and the vulnerability of biofuels to climatic warming and drying renders it a myopic strategy. Nonetheless, in some areas the profitability of biofuels agriculture is robust to variation in climate and level of carbon subsidy and these areas may form part of a long-term diversified mix of land-use solutions to climate change if trade-offs can be managed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Biofuels agriculture: landscape‐scale trade‐offs between fuel, economics, carbon, energy, food, and fiber

2010

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“…La asesoría adecuada del profesional de la salud sobre el tema ha demostrado maximizar el uso y cumplimiento de los métodos anticonceptivos que más se ajusten a las necesidades y estilos de vida de las pacientes, y de ese modo prevenir los embarazos no deseados (7,8) ; así, el estudio TEAM en España (9) , CHOICE en once países europeos (10,11) , y el estudio IMAGINE en Portugal (12) , mostraron mayor frecuencia de uso, facilidad de uso y menor probabilidad de abandono del método anticonceptivo seleccionado. En los estudios referidos, y luego de la asesoría correspondiente de métodos de similar eficacia, la mayoría de las usuarias prefirieron cambiar de método anticonceptivo, con preferencia del anillo vaginal y del parche transdérmico.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proyecto PIENSA (Programa de Investigación y Educación en Salud Reproductiva): impacto de la asesoría en la elección anticonceptiva en mujeres peruanas

Chu

Thornberry

Cárdenas

et al. 2014

Rev peru ginecol obstet.

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Introducción: La necesidad insatisfecha de anticoncepción sigue siendo alta en el Perú y a nivel mundial. La asesoría adecuada del profesional de la salud ha demostrado maximizar el uso y cumplimiento de métodos anticonceptivos que se ajusten a las necesidades de cada mujer. Objetivos: Medir el impacto de la asesoría brindada por profesionales de salud ginecoobstetras en la elección de un método anticonceptivo hormonal de autoadministración-píldora diaria, parche transdérmico semanal y anillo vaginal mensual-, así como los factores determinantes de ello. Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Lugar: Lima, Piura, Chiclayo y Trujillo, Perú. Institución: Proyecto Latinoamericano PIENSA: Programa de Investigación y Educación en Salud Anticonceptiva. Participantes: Quinientos ochenta y un mujeres de 18 a 40 años que acudieron a la consulta de 40 ginecoobstetras que brindaron asesoría sobre métodos anticonceptivos. Intervenciones: Se realizó una asesoría estandarizada con material didáctico que contenía información sobre efectividad, mecanismo de acción, modo de uso, beneficios y riesgos, así como idoneidad, respecto a las necesidades individuales. Principales medidas de resultados: Elección original y elección final del método anticonceptivo luego de la asesoría, y factores involucrados. Resultados: La elección inicial del método fue de 57% la píldora, 15% el anillo vaginal y 13% el parche transdérmico; luego de la asesoría fue: 38% la píldora, 33% el anillo vaginal, y 19% el parche transdérmico. Resultó estadísticamente significativa la preferencia entre las usuarias del anillo vaginal de 15% a 33% y la preferencia del parche transdérmico de 13 a 19%; p<0,005. La razón principal para la elección del método fue la facilidad de uso. Conclusiones: Las mujeres peruanas participantes del proyecto PIENSA eligieron inicialmente la píldora diaria, cuyo porcentaje disminuyó luego de la asesoría por un profesional de la salud. Asimismo, el número de mujeres que eligieron los métodos de parche transdérmico y anillo vaginal se incrementó significativamente.

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“…Implanon is a progestogen‐only implant that acts as a long‐term (3‐year) contraceptive. In clinical trials it demonstrated a lower failure rate than existing forms of contraception, such as the oral contraceptive pill and barrier methods 2 . ‐ 4 It was released in Australia in May 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implanon and medical indemnity: a case study of risk management using the Australian Standard

Wenck

Johnston²

2004

Medical Journal of Australia

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The contraceptive implant Implanon (Organon) was introduced in Australia in May 2001, and in the next 18 months was associated with an unprecedented number of adverse incident reports to medical indemnity insurers, including almost 100 unintended pregnancies. The medical indemnity insurer, MDA National, responded to this by applying the Australian and New Zealand Standard for Risk Management (AS/NZS 4360: 1999) in two stages. The first stage was to contain potential costs by moving the treatment into the general practice procedural category, resulting in a one‐year moratorium on its use for most general practitioner members (prudential risk management). The second stage was to manage the clinical risk by developing strategies to reduce identified risks associated with the procedure. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) was enlisted to develop guidelines for use of Implanon, with a consent form and checklists for doctors and patients, enabling MDA National to reinstate the treatment to the general practice non‐procedural category. This case demonstrates the need for early risk assessment and development of risk‐management tools for new treatments and devices, a role that is appropriate for the RACGP.

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New contraceptive choices across reproductive life

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Biofuels agriculture: landscape‐scale trade‐offs between fuel, economics, carbon, energy, food, and fiber

Biofuels agriculture: landscape‐scale trade‐offs between fuel, economics, carbon, energy, food, and fiber

Proyecto PIENSA (Programa de Investigación y Educación en Salud Reproductiva): impacto de la asesoría en la elección anticonceptiva en mujeres peruanas

Implanon and medical indemnity: a case study of risk management using the Australian Standard

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