New Concepts in Fish Ladder Design: Analysis of Barriers to Upstream Fish Migration, Volume IV of IV, Investigation of the Physical and Biological Conditions Affecting Fish Passage Success at Culverts and Waterfalls, 1982-1984 Final Report.

Powers, Patrick; Orsborn, John F.

doi:10.2172/917018

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…The flow pattern in the pools is of great importance in order to guide the fish through the fishway. The velocity field and water depth in the pool affect the swimming costs of fish and the turbulence level has proved to increment it considerably (Clay, 1995;Enders et al, 2003;Powers and Orsborn, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway

Bombač¹,

Novak

Rodic³

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of a vertical slot fishway (VSF). A 2-D depth-averaged shallow water numerical model PCFLOW2D coupled with three different turbulent models (constant eddy viscosity, Smagorinsky and k -ε) was used. A detailed analysis of numerical parameters needed for a correct simulation of the phenomenon was carried out. Besides the velocity field, attention was paid to important hydraulic parameters such as maximum velocity in the slot region and energy dissipation rate ε in order to evaluate the performance of VSF. A scaled physical hydraulic model was built to ensure reliable experimental data for the validation of the numerical model. Simulations of variant configurations of VSF showed that even small changes in geometry can produce more fishfriendly flow characteristics in pools. The present study indicates that the PCFLOW2D program is an appropriate tool to meet the main demands of the VSF design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway

Bombač¹,

Novak

Rodic³

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To relate the swimming behavior and passage success of fish to the physical attributes of different waterfalls, the characteristics of the waterfalls were examined in a manner similar to that described in Powers and Orsborn (1990). The height (h), width (w), and length (l) of the waterfalls were estimated using photographs, a GPS, a laser level, and a range finder ( Table 2).…”

Section: Waterfall Measurements and Passagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical estimates of the takeoff speeds necessary to leap a free overfall were calculated using methods similar to those of Powers and Orsborn (1990). The method involved applying the equation for the motion of a projectile.…”

Section: Waterfall Measurements and Passagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The takeoff angle (θ) was estimated based on the waterfall height and length using the relationship proposed by Powers and Orsborn (1990), where Tan (θ) = 3H/x. Air drag was ignored.…”

Section: Waterfall Measurements and Passagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison was made of the maximum swimming speeds of fish passing waterfalls estimated using EMG telemetry and using the model of Powers and Orsborn (1990). The speeds estimated to be needed for successful passage of Falls 1 and Falls 2 using the model of Powers and Orsborn (1990) were consistently higher (2.2 -2.6 times higher) than those estimated using EMG telemetry (Table 4).…”

Section: Energy Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Swimming Speeds and Energetic Demands of Upriver Migrating Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in the Klickitat River, Washington.

Brown¹,

Geist²

2002

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This report describes a study conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the Bonneville Power Administration's Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program during the fall of 2001. The objective was to study the migration and energy use of adult fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) traveling up the Klickitat River to spawn. The salmon were tagged with either surgically implanted electromyogram (EMG) transmitters or gastrically implanted coded transmitters and were monitored with mobile and stationary receivers. Swim speed and aerobic and anaerobic energy use were determined for the fish as they attempted passage of three waterfalls on the lower Klickitat River and as they traversed free-flowing stretches between, below, and above the falls.Of the 35 EMG-tagged fish released near the mouth of the Klickitat River, 40% passed the first falls, 24% passed the second falls, and 20% made it to Lyle Falls. None of the EMGtagged fish were able to pass Lyle Falls, either over the falls or via a fishway at Lyle Falls. Mean swimming speeds ranged from as low as 52.6 centimeters per second (cm s -1 ) between falls to as high as 189 (cm s -1 ) at falls passage. Fish swam above critical swimming speeds while passing the falls more often than while swimming between the falls (58.9% versus 1.7% of the transmitter signals). However, fish expended more energy swimming the stretches between the falls than during actual falls passage (100.7 to 128.2 kilocalories [kcals] to traverse areas between or below falls versus 0.3 to 1.0 kcals to pass falls).Relationships between sex, length, and time of day on the success of falls passage were also examined. Average swimming speeds were highest during the day in all areas except at some waterfalls. There was no apparent relationship between either fish condition or length and successful passage of waterfalls in the lower Klickitat River. Female fall chinook salmon, however, had a much lower likelihood of passing waterfalls than males.The study also examined energy costs and swimming speeds for fish released above Lyle Falls as they migrated to upstream spawning areas. This journey averaged 15.93 days to travel a mean maximum of 37.6 km upstream at a total energy cost of approx 3,971 kcals (34% anaerobic and 66% aerobic) for a sample of five fish. A bioenergetics example was run, which estimated that fall chinook salmon would expend an estimated 1,208 kcal to pass from the mouth of the Columbia River to Bonneville Dam and874 kcals to pass Bonneville Dam and pool and the three falls on the Lower Klickitat River, plus an additional 2,770 kcals above the falls to reach the spawning grounds, leaving them with approximately 18% (1,089 kcals) of their original energy reserves for spawning. Results of the bioenergetics example suggest that a delay of 9 to 11 days along the lower Klickitat River may deplete their remaining energy reserves (at a rate of about 105 kcal d -1 ) resulting in death before spawning would occur.iv v Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Labora...

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2001

Migration of Freshwater Fishes

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New Concepts in Fish Ladder Design: Analysis of Barriers to Upstream Fish Migration, Volume IV of IV, Investigation of the Physical and Biological Conditions Affecting Fish Passage Success at Culverts and Waterfalls, 1982-1984 Final Report.

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway

Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway

Determination of Swimming Speeds and Energetic Demands of Upriver Migrating Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in the Klickitat River, Washington.

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