New Concepts for Basal Cell Carcinoma. Demographic, Clinical, Histological Risk Factors, and Biomarkers. A Systematic Review of Evidence Regarding Risk for Tumor Development, Susceptibility for Second Primary and Recurrence

Epidemiology of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in a Department of Dermatology: a 5 year review

“…2,4,6,7,10,11,12 In fact, this tendency seems to correspond to a real increase in the occurrence of malignant skin tumors, particularly NMSC; however, the interference of factors such as the enhanced access of the general population to specialized care and mass education programs with consequent early diagnosis should not be neglected.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Sharing the same precursor cell, the keratinocyte, BCC are typically locally invasive tumors with virtually no metastatic risk, while SCC are potentially aggressive, metastatic and lethal tumors. Despite being widely recognized as the most common skin tumors, their exact incidence and prevalence in humans have not been clearly established and are far from being consensual: this is due not only to the significant frequency variation observed when considering populations with different phototypes and geographic locations, but also to the misleading oncologic records that, in most countries, have not discriminated SCC from BCC for several years.…”

“…1,2 Additionally, iatrogenic or cosmetic artificial UV skin irradiation, exposure to ionizing radiation or other carcinogenic agents in the environment and immunesuppression may also increase the risk of NMSC in some particular cases. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In what concerns the SCC, smoking and oncogenic HPV infection have also been identified as important risk factors, particularly for the perioral and genital areas. 6 Some rare genodermatosis such as xeroderma pigmentosum, oculocutaneous albinism, epidermodysplasia verruciformis and Gorlin-Glotz syndrome, may also be associated with some cases of NMSC.…”

“…Despite the effort, no significant effects on the worldwide continuously raising NMSC incidence have been observed. 2,4,6,7,10,11,12 This tendency keeps challenging the health care systems, imposing a continuous adaptation of the available resources based on a rigorous epidemiologic surveillance.…”

Low Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase Expression is Associated with Bladder Carcinogenesis and Recurrence

“…Although smoking, radon, asbestos, diet, non-neoplastic bladder disease, and other environmental/occupational carcinogenic exposures have been reported to be associated with the development of bladder cancer (Kyrgidis et al, 2010), the precise genes that affect individual susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of these agents remain undetermined. Hsu Li et al (2008) observations implied that impaired metabolism of carcinogenic exposure as well as impaired DNA repair function play an important role in arsenic-related urinary transitional cell carcinogenesis (Hsu et al, 2008).…”