New Composites from Waste Polypropylene/Eggshell Characterized by High Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

This manuscript aimed to enhance the mechanical, ignition properties of polypropylene (PP). To reduce waste pollution of the environment, recycled waste polypropylene (WPP), and waste chicken eggshell (WCES) were used. WCES was used as a bio-filler to form new WPP composites. The effect of the addition of magnesium hydroxide (MOH) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on the properties of WPP/WCES composites has been studied. The structure of the composites was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The morphology and the thermal properties of the composites were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal shrinkage %, and thermal analysis (TGA, DTA). The flame retardancy of the composites was assessed using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flame chamber (UL/94) according to standard test methods. The results indicated that the 10 phr of the WCES enhanced the tensile strength and flexural strength of WPP/WCES composites by 15 and 8 % compared to the neat WPP composite, respectively. In the case of MAP and MOH fillers, the 5 and 10 phr of MOH enhanced the tensile strength and flexural strength of WPP/WCES composites by 8.3, 25, 51.1, and 65.0 % compared to the WPP/WCES composite containing 30 phr of WCES, respectively. The organic matter of WCES is a natural antioxidant for WPP/WCES composites. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for a composition containing 30 parts per hundred resin (phr) of WCES is 20.8, slightly greater than that for neat WPP (17.9 %). While the LOI value of WPP composite containing 30 phr of mono-ammonium phosphate is 26 %.

Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review

“…In addition, eggshell might improve the mechanical characteristics of PP composites while also functioning as a fireproof synergist. Younis et al [57] developed a product using recycled waste polypropylene (WPP) and waste chicken eggshell (WCES) as biofilters. Adding 10 phr of WCES to WPP/WCES composites increased their tensile and flexural strength by 15% and 8%, respectively, compared to WPP composites.…”

Analysis of Flame Retardant for Cover Electrical Plastic Injectionusing Material Polypropylene

“…Influence of surface flame retardant layer containing ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the performance of jute/polypropylene composites, the results showed that the jute/PP composites with APP/EG-retardant layer were less flammable with higher LOI value, longer time to ignition, lower value of the peak heat release rate, total heat release, effective heat combustion, total smoke production, and became selfextinguished in HBR test [2]. New Composites from Waste Polypropylene/Eggshell Characterized by High Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties, the results indicated that the 10 phr of the WCES enhanced the tensile strength and flexural strength of WPP/WCES composites by 15 and 8 % compared to the neat WPP composite, respectively [3]. Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites, the result of the LOI can be as high as 36.5% with only 1 WT% HGM and 24 WT% IFR addition.…”

Studying the Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Waste Eggshell Powder

“…Based on the existing literature, several attempts have been made to reinforce different types of polymers using waste eggshell powder including, but not limited to, polypropylene [8,16], high-density polyethylene [17,18], and lowdensity polyethylene [14]. However, to our knowledge, none of the previous studies has dealt with reinforcing polyamide 12 matrix with waste eggshells.…”