New combined WiMAX/DSRC infrastructure design for efficient vehicular networking

Abstract

In this article, a new infrastructure of a combined Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) link layer is proposed with the purpose of reducing simultaneous WiMAX connections. WiMAX offers wide area connectivity of vehicles to ground-based base stations, while DSRC offers relatively shorter communication that allows for vehicles in proximity of each other to communicate directly. The proposed design uses the fact that WiMAX amendments support the concept of a WiMAX relay node, and substitutes the WiMAX relay nodes with nodes that are capable of both WiMAX and DSRC communications. This change allows for the number of WiMAX connections to be concentrated while supporting more subscribing users via WiMAX tunnelled over DSRC relay. The focus of this design is on the use case of providing broadband Internet access to a large number of DSRC capable vehicles in a WiMAX served region. The design uses DSRC as a WiMAX tunnel, but with changes to the WiMAX protocol, specifically network entry and handover processes are redesigned to have different behaviour only when operating over DSRC. Network entry over DSRC modifications are described and illustrated with comparison to existing WiMAX standards. Handover process facilitated over both WiMAX and DSRC layers are described, illustrated and are also standard compliant. Unified modeling language is used to assist with the explanations of the components to improve understanding of the design in relation to existing WiMAX standards. In addition to standard WiMAX operability, the design can also support WiMAX data subscription using a software-defined WiMAX radio via DSRC relay connectivity. This proposed design improves WiMAX communication by reducing the number of WiMAX connections between vehicles. We plotted the throughput of various cluster sizes of WiMAX only mobile relay, versus our proposed DSRC-enabled WiMAX mobile relay in order to show the efficiency benefit of our design. We also provide a simulated curve of percentage improvement efficiency for varying amount of active users. We show that as the total number of users in the system increases, our proposed system significantly improves the overall system efficiency, especially in heavily congested traffic.

RETRACTED: Network on wheels: Leveraging vehicular communication to newer heights for intelligent transportation system

“…Adaptability and repetition will be improved on the off-chance that we use these interfaces in a solitary uniform framework. In this paper, various comparisons were made on the hybrid conglomerate of technologies done by various researchers by converging different technologies such as WiFi and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), 19 WiFi and LTE, 20 DSRC and LTE, [20][21][22][23][24] DSRC and WiMAX. 25 In general, we observed that the dissimilarities in the wireless standards are related mostly to the lower layers; therefore, we emphasized more on the PHY and MAC layers.…”

“…Extensive DSRC simulations has been performed by Bernad o et al 26 using vehicular non-stationary channel and evaluation of performance and comparative study of LTE and DSRC was analyzed by Mir and Filali 27 where authors performed a critical study of a variety of configured parameters and observed the end-to-end delays in DSRC, which is less than 10 ms with 10 kbps throughput and LTE. The driven motive that showed the possibility of convergence is in Jaber et al, 21 where authors designed a combined infrastructure between WiMAX and DSRC for a capable vehicular system. With the used of DSRC, a WiMAX tunnel is designed along with changes in the network entry and handover procedure to operate differently in DSRC enabled vehicles.…”

“…A typical radio frequency range is contemplated in order to develop correspondence. LTE working in unlicensed groups is as yet a progressing research work which requires watchful examination as said in Abinader et al 36 All the paper 21,25,27,28 that have specified so far and so forth have overlooked the radio recurrence (RF) contrast between the two heterogeneous systems. We also considered other PHY parameters apart from frequency range since this is as yet a progressing level-headed discussion to permit LTE in unlicensed group.…”

Smart inter‐operable vehicular communication using hybrid IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.16d/e technology

“…The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated based on background study and original investigation. Jaber et al 14 designed a protocol between DSRC and WiMAX. This design is to bridge for handover process and network entry procedure between DSRC and WiMAX.…”

A time-recordable cross-layer communication protocol for the positioning of Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems

“…Therefore, precisely timing and recording the back-off time t colli is a key component to enhance the positioning accuracy. namely one Central Control Channel (CCH) and six service channels (SCHs) [28,39]. According to the IEEE 802.11p standard, the channel 172 and 184 are used for critical safety of life and high power public safety respectively, the rest of the four channels can be used for private application.…”