New colour appearance scales for describing saturation, vividness, blackness, and whiteness

Cho, Yoon Ji; Ou, Li‐Chen; Cui, Guihua; Luo, Ronnier

doi:10.1002/col.22114

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…These two scales are also close to the definition of the “whiteness” and “blackness” scales in the Swedish Natural Color System (NCS) system which are also shown in Figure . The whiteness and blackness scales have a strong negative correlation to the depth and vividness scales, respectively . The vividness (

V_{a b}^{*}

) and depth (

D_{a b}^{*}

) scales can be defined by Equations and , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric measurement of human skin colour

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2017

Color Research & Application

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This article focuses on human skin colour. Three different colour measuring instruments were used: a tele‐spectroradiometer, a de:8° and a 45°:0° spectrophotometers. They were used to measure 47 subjects who were divided into four skin groups: Chinese, Caucasian, South‐Asian, and Dark. Eight locations for each subject were measured. The spectral reflectance results were first compared. They all showed the “W” shape between the 550 nm and 580 nm as found by the other studies. Those from the tele‐spectroradiometer had an increase from 600 nm while the others were flatter. The colorimetric data calculated from the spectral measurements revealed similar patterns to describe the colour distribution of each skin group. It was found that two scales: whiteness‐depth, and blackness‐vividness could well describe these distributions. The results also showed systematic differences between the four ethnic groups, between eight body locations, between two genders, and between the measurements from the three instruments.

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V_{a b}^{*}

) and depth (

D_{a b}^{*}

) scales can be defined by Equations and , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric measurement of human skin colour

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2017

Color Research & Application

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“…It has been shown to give good predictions of the colourant strength of a colour. Similar to the other whiteness scales, such as Adam's whiteness scale (Adams, 2010), Cho's whiteness scale (Cho, et al, 2017), this scale was developed based on paper colour samples that included a limited set of skin colour patches. The Individual Typology Angle (ITA°) was developed to determine the melanisation of the skin (Chardon, et al, 1991) and it is commonly used to determine the Fitzpatrick skin prototype types of the skin for sun tanning.…”

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Whiteness Index for Facial Colour

Wang

Xiao

Pointer

2019

PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE

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Skin whiteness is an attribute that is frequently used to describe skin colour. This study investigated the relationship between perceived skin whiteness and associated physical measurements. A psychophysical experiment was conducted with 40 participants (20 Chinese and 20 Caucasian). Images of eighty real human faces, from the Leeds-Liverpool skin colour database (LLSD), were used in the experiment. The correlation between the experimental results and the CIELAB colorimetric scales showed that skin whiteness has a relatively strong correlation with the CIELAB L* and b* values, and less correlation with CIELAB a*. Two whiteness related formulas, ITA° and Depth(D*ab) were tested in this study. The ITA° formula gave a better estimation of the perceived skin whiteness than the Depth formula, but gave poor prediction for dark skin colours. A skin whiteness index was developed, which gave good estimation of our perceived skin whiteness data.

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“…This section describes the development of new CAM16 scales of saturation, vividness, whiteness and blackness. The visual data were accumulated by Cho et al [8,9] at Leeds. There are 120 samples specified in XYZ under a fluorescent D65 simulator.…”

Section: Predicting New Colour Scales: Saturation Vividness Whitenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed little difference between observers between two countries. Hence, the combined dataset including British and Korean was used to derive colour scales [9]. From their study, it was found that the Berns' proposed scales [10], Depth (Dab*), Clarity (Tab*) and Vividness (Vab*) based on CIELAB can give a reasonable fit to the data (see equations (4)-(6)), The results showed that Dab* had a strong positive and negative correlation to the visual saturation and whiteness data, respectively.…”

Section: Predicting New Colour Scales: Saturation Vividness Whitenementioning

confidence: 99%